Protease-resistant mutants of stromal cell derived factor-1 in the repair of tissue damage

1. A method of treating or ameliorating tissue damage by stimulating angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, wherein the tissue damage results from a disease or condition, said method comprising administering to said damaged tissue an isolated mutant form of stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) peptide comprising the formula of a mutant SDF-1 (mSDF-1) or X p -mSDF-1 peptide in an amount sufficient to stimulate angiogenesis and thereby treat or ameliorate said tissue damage in said subject, wherein said mSDF-1 or X p -mSDF-1 is a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of at least amino acids 1-8 of SEQ ID NO: 53 and which is optionally extended at the C-terminus by all or any portion of the remaining sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, said SEQ ID NO: 53 comprising the amino acid sequence:

(SEQ ID NO: 53)

K P X 3  X 4  X 5  X 6  Y R C P C R F F E S H V A R A N V K

H L K I L N T P N C A L Q I V A R L K N N N R Q V 

C I D P K L K W I Q E Y L E K A L N K,

wherein

X 3 is any amino acid;

X 4 is serine or valine;

X 5 is leucine, praline, threonine, or valine; and

X 6 is any amino acid residue,

and wherein

(a) X p is a proteinogenic amino acid(s) or a protease protective organic group and p is any integer from 1 to 4;

(b) said mSDF-1 maintains chemoattractant activity for T cells and is inactivated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), leukocyte elastase, and/or cathepsin G at a rate that is at least 50% less than the rate of inactivation of native SDF-1;

(c) said X p -mSDF-1 maintains chemoattractant activity for T cells, is inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) at a rate that is at least 50% less than the rate at which native SDF-1 is inactivated, and is inactivated by MMP-2, MMP-9, leukocyte elastase, and/or cathepsin Gat a rate that is at least 50% less than the rate of inactivation of native SDF-1; and

(d) said mSDF-1 or X p -mSDF-1 peptide does not comprise the amino acid sequence of at least amino acids 1-8 of SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 60, or SEQ ID NOs: 65-67.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said isolated mSDF-1 or X p -mSDF-1 peptide is attached to a biologically compatible membrane or is attached to a self-assembling peptide that forms a biologically compatible membrane after administration to said damaged tissue.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of stroke, limb ischemia, tissue damage due to trauma, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetic ulcers.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said disease or condition is myocardial infarction.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said disease is peripheral vascular disease.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is treated for damage to cardiac tissue.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said administration comprises injecting or implanting said isolated mSDF-1 or X p -mSDF-1 peptide into cardiac tissue of said subject.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mSDF-1 peptide is SDF(V3H), consisting of SEQ ID NO: 54.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said peptide is an X p -mSDF-1 peptide and wherein X is a serine and p is 1.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mSDF-1 peptide is SDF(V3C), consisting of SEQ ID NO: 55.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said peptide is an X p -mSDF-1 peptide and wherein X is a serine and p is 1.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mSDF-1 peptide is SDF(L5T), consisting of SEQ ID NO: 56.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said peptide is an X p -mSDF-1 peptide and wherein X is a serine and p is 1.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mSDF-1 peptide is SDF(L5V), consisting of SEQ ID NO: 60.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said peptide is an X p -mSDF-1 peptide and wherein X is a serine and p is 1.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mSDF-1 peptide is SDF(S6C), consisting of SEQ ID NO: 61.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said peptide is an X p -mSDF-1 peptide and wherein X is a serine and p is 1.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mSDF-1 peptide is SDF(S6G), consisting of SEQ ID NO: 62.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said peptide is an X p -mSDF-1 peptide and wherein X is a serine and p is 1.

20. The method of claim 2 , wherein the biologically compatible peptide membrane comprises one or more self-assembling peptides having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 51, and wherein between 0.1-10% of said one or more self-assembling peptides are bound to the isolated mSDF-1 or X p -mSDF-1 peptide.

21. A method of treating or ameliorating cardiac tissue damage by stimulating angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, wherein the cardiac tissue damage results from myocardial infarction, said method comprising administering to said damaged cardiac tissue an isolated mutant form of stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) peptide comprising the formula of a mutant SDF-1 (mSDF-1) or X p -mSDF-1 peptide in an amount sufficient to stimulate angiogenesis and thereby treat or ameliorate said cardiac tissue damage in said subject, wherein said mSDF-1 or X p -mSDF-1 is a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of at least amino acids 1-8 of SEQ ID NO: 53 and which is optionally extended at the C-terminus by all or any portion of the remaining sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, said SEQ ID NO: 53 comprising the amino acid sequence:

(SEQ ID NO: 53)

K P X 3  X 4  X 5  X 6  Y R C P C R F F E S H V A R A N V K

H L K I L N T P N C A L Q I V A R L K N N N R Q V 

C I D P K L K W I Q E Y L E K A L N K,

wherein

X 3 is any amino acid;

X 4 is serine or valine;

X 5 is leucine, praline, threonine, or valine; and

X 6 is any amino acid residue,

and wherein

(a) X p is a proteinogenic amino acid(s) or a protease protective organic group and p is any integer from 1 to 4;

(b) said mSDF-1 maintains chemoattractant activity for T cells and is inactivated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), leukocyte elastase, and/or cathepsin G at a rate that is at least 50% less than the rate of inactivation of native SDF-1;

(c) said X p -mSDF-1 maintains chemoattractant activity for T cells, is inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) at a rate that is at least 50% less than the rate at which native SDF-1 is inactivated, and is inactivated by MMP-2, MMP-9, leukocyte elastase, and/or cathepsin Gat a rate that is at least 50% less than the rate of inactivation of native SDF-1; and

(d) said mSDF-1 or X p -mSDF-1 peptide does not comprise the amino acid sequence of at least amino acids 1-8 of SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 60, or SEQ ID NOs: 65-67.