Implantable materials having engineered surfaces and method of making same

1. An implantable, biocompatible material, comprising one or more vacuum deposited layers of biocompatible materials deposited upon a biocompatible base material, wherein at least a top most vacuum deposited layer includes a homogeneous molecular pattern of distribution along the surface thereof and comprises a patterned array of geometric physiologically functional features configured as endothelial cell binding domains.

2. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible base material and each of the one or more vacuum deposited layers of biocompatible materials differ in a material property selected from the group of material properties consisting of: grain size, grain phase, grain material composition, surface topography, and transition temperature.

3. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 1 , wherein a gap distance measured between immediately adjacent geometric physiologically functional features measures between about 1 nanometer and about 2000 nanometers, and wherein the gap distance measures about the same as a width of each of the geometric physiologically functional features.

4. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 3 , wherein each vacuum deposited layer of biocompatible material has a thickness between about 1 nm and about 3 μm.

5. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 4 , wherein the patterned array of geometric physiologically functional features comprises recesses having a depth including a plurality of vacuum deposited layers.

6. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 4 , wherein the patterned array of geometric physiologically functional features comprises recesses having a depth at least equal to the thickness of top most vacuum deposited layer.

7. An implantable, biocompatible material, comprising a plurality of layers of biocompatible materials formed upon one another into a self-supporting multilayer structure, wherein the plurality of layers includes a vacuum deposited surface layer having a homogeneous molecular pattern of distribution along the surface thereof and comprises a patterned array of geometric physiologically functional features configured as endothelial cell binding domains.

8. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the vacuum deposited surface layer has a material property that is different from at least a second layer of the plurality of layers immediately therebeneath.

9. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein a gap distance measured between immediately adjacent geometric physiologically functional features measures between about 1 nanometer and about 2000 nanometers, and wherein the gap distance measures about the same as a width of each of the geometric physiologically functional features.

10. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 9 , wherein the vacuum deposited surface layer has a thickness between about 1 nm and about 3 μm.

11. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the patterned array of geometric physiologically functional features comprises recesses having a depth including a plurality of vacuum deposited layers.

12. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the patterned array of geometric physiologically functional features comprises recesses having a depth at least equal to the thickness of top most vacuum deposited layer.

13. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein at least one layer of the plurality of layers comprises at least one physical property including shape memory.

14. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the geometric physiologically functional features have a non-zero thickness corresponding to a thickness of one or more of the plurality of layers.

15. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the geometric physiologically functional features each have a thickness from approximately 1 nm to approximately 3 μm.

16. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the geometric physiologically functional features each have a thickness from greater than approximately 3 nm to approximately 20 μm.

17. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the geometric physiologically functional features have about a zero thickness corresponding to a thickness of one or more of the plurality of layers.

18. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the geometric physiologically functional features have a shape that are circular, square, rectangular, triangular, polygonal, hexagonal, octagonal, elliptical, parallel lines, straight or curvilinear lines, intersecting lines or any combination thereof.

19. The implantable, biocompatible material of claim 7 , wherein the geometric physiologically functional features comprises recesses having a shape that are circular, square, rectangular, triangular, polygonal, hexagonal, octagonal, elliptical, parallel lines, straight or curvilinear lines, intersecting lines or any combination thereof.