Reflective layer for increasing fill factor in an electronic display
An electronic display includes a substrate and a thin-film transistor (TFT) layer deposited on a top surface of the substrate. The TFT layer includes a plurality of driving TFTs that are configured to provide current to one or more organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electronic display also includes an emission layer deposited on a top surface of the TFT layer. The emission layer includes emission areas and non-emission areas that separate the emission areas. The emission areas include a plurality of OLEDs and each of the OLEDs are configured to be driven by one or more of the TFTs to emit light. The electronic display also includes a reflective layer formed on a bottom surface of the substrate. The reflective layer is configured to reflect at least some of the light emitted from the OLEDs toward the non-emission areas.
1. An electronic display comprising:
a substrate;
a TFT (thin-film transistor) layer deposited on a top surface of the substrate, the TFT layer including a plurality of driving TFTs that are configured to provide current to one or more OLEDs (organic light emitting diodes);
an emission layer deposited on a top surface of the TFT layer and including emission areas and non-emission areas separating the emission areas, the emission areas including a plurality of OLEDs each of which is configured to be driven by one or more of the driving TFTs to emit light, and the non-emission areas corresponding to areas of the emission layer not including the plurality of OLEDs and at least partially overlapping with at least a portion of the driving TFTs of the TFT layer; and
a reflective layer formed on a bottom surface of the substrate and configured to reflect at least some of the light emitted from the OLEDs toward the non-emission areas of the emission layer.
2. The electronic display of claim 1 , wherein the reflective layer includes a plurality of reflectors positioned to reflect the at least some of the light emitted from the OLEDs toward the non-emission areas.
3. The electronic display of claim 2 , wherein the reflective layer includes a top surface and the plurality of reflectors are concave reflectors that are formed on the top surface of the reflective layer, and portions of the top surface of the reflective layer are in contact with the bottom surface of the substrate.
4. The electronic display of claim 3 , wherein each of the emission areas is generated by a corresponding OLED, and each of the concave reflectors is positioned below the corresponding OLED.
5. The electronic display of claim 3 , wherein the OLEDs are positioned within a threshold distance of focus locations of the concave reflectors, such that light reflected by the concave reflectors is collimated.
6. The electronic display of claim 2 , wherein the reflective layer includes a bottom surface and a top surface that is in contact with the bottom surface of the substrate, and the plurality of reflectors are diverging reflectors that are formed on the bottom surface of the reflective layer.
7. The electronic display of claim 6 , wherein each of the emission areas is generated by a corresponding OLED, and each of the diverging reflectors is positioned at an offset distance from the corresponding OLED.
8. The electronic display of claim 7 , wherein each of the diverging reflectors is positioned directly under the corresponding OLED.
9. The electronic display of claim 1 , wherein the reflective layer includes a sawtooth structure configured to reflect the at least some of the light emitted from the OLEDs toward the non-emission areas.
10. The electronic display of claim 1 , wherein the reflective layer is a hybrid reflective layer that includes at least two types of reflecting structures, and a type of reflecting structure is selected from a group consisting of: a metal film, a concave reflectors, a diverging reflector, and a sawtooth structure.
11. An electronic display comprising:
a substrate;
a TFT (thin-film transistor) layer deposited on a top surface of the substrate, the TFT layer including a plurality of driving TFTs that are configured to provide current to one or more OLEDs (organic light emitting diodes);
an emission layer deposited on a top surface of the TFT layer and including emission areas and non-emission areas separating the emission areas, the emission areas including a plurality of OLEDs each of which is configured to be driven by one or more of the driving TFTs to emit light, and the non-emission areas corresponding to areas of the emission layer not including the plurality of OLEDs and at least partially overlapping with at least a portion of the driving TFTs of the TFT layer;
an encapsulation layer that is formed on a top surface of the emission layer; and
a reflective layer formed on a bottom surface of the substrate and configured to reflect at least some of the light emitted from the OLEDs toward the non-emission areas of the emission layer.
12. The electronic display of claim 11 , wherein the reflective layer includes a plurality of reflectors positioned to reflect the at least some of the light emitted from the OLEDs toward the non-emission areas.
13. The electronic display of claim 12 , wherein the reflective layer includes a top surface and the plurality of reflectors are concave reflectors that are formed on the top surface of the reflective layer, and portions of the top surface of the reflective layer are in contact with the bottom surface of the substrate.
14. The electronic display of claim 13 , wherein each of the emission areas is generated by a corresponding OLED, and each of the concave reflectors is positioned below the corresponding OLED.
15. The electronic display of claim 13 , wherein the OLEDs are positioned within a threshold distance of focus locations of the concave reflectors, such that light reflected by the concave reflectors is collimated.
16. The electronic display of claim 12 , wherein the reflective layer includes a bottom surface and a top surface that is in contact with the bottom surface of the substrate, and the plurality of reflectors are diverging reflectors that are formed on the bottom surface of the reflective layer.
17. The electronic display of claim 16 , wherein each of the emission areas is generated by a corresponding OLED, and each of the diverging reflectors is positioned at an offset distance from the corresponding OLED.
18. The electronic display of claim 17 , wherein each of the diverging reflectors is positioned directly under the corresponding OLED.
19. The electronic display of claim 11 , wherein the reflective layer includes a sawtooth structure configured to reflect the at least some of the light emitted from the OLEDs toward the non-emission areas.
20. An electronic display comprising:
a substrate;
a TFT (thin-film transistor) layer deposited on a top surface of the substrate, the TFT layer including a plurality of driving TFTs that are configured to provide current to one or more OLEDs (organic light emitting diodes), the plurality of driving TFTs at least being partially transparent to a first band of light;
an emission layer deposited on a top surface of the TFT layer and including emission areas and non-emission areas separating the emission areas, the emission areas including a plurality of OLEDs each of which is configured to be driven by one or more of the driving TFTs to emit light in the first band, and the non-emission areas corresponding to areas of the emission layer not including the plurality of OLEDs and at least partially overlapping with at least a portion of the driving TFTs of the TFT layer; and
a reflective layer formed on a bottom surface of the substrate and configured to reflect at least some of the light emitted from the OLEDs toward the non-emission areas of the emission layer.