Polymer-boric acid compositions
Aqueous liquid formulations contain one or more anionic polymers, a high concentration of boron compounds, and a boron dispersant or solvent. The compositions are operable to maintain the boron content thereof in stable dispersion for at least 72 hours. The dispersant or solvent is selected from saturated aliphatic diols, glycols, hydroxyl-rich compounds, alpha-hydroxy acids, and mixtures thereof. Preferred polymers include dicarboxylic repeat units and optional sulfonate repeat units. The formulations have heretofore unattainable high boron contents, and are useful in agricultural contexts.
1. An aqueous liquid composition comprising:
a polyanionic polymer present at a level of from about 25-45% by weight;
a boron compound present at a level of from about 3-5% by weight; and
a boron compound dispersant or solvent present at a level of from about 15-40% by weight, said dispersant or solvent selected from the group consisting of: (1) saturated aliphatic diols, glycols, and mixtures thereof which are essentially free of carbon-carbon double bonds; (2) saturated compounds having three or more hydroxyl groups and which are essentially free of carbon-carbon double bonds and are selected from the group consisting of low molecular weight (MW) polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs) and non-PVA compounds; (3) aliphatic alpha-hydroxy acids essentially free of carbon-carbon double bonds and ring structures; and (4) mixtures of the foregoing,
wherein all of said weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the composition taken as 100% by weight;
said polyanionic polymer, boron compound, and boron compound dispersant or solvent, being in aqueous dispersion or solution,
said composition operable to maintain the boron compound content thereof in stable dispersion or solution for a period of at least about 72 hours at ambient temperature without stirring.
2. The composition of claim 1 , said polyanionic polymer having at least about 10% anionic groups by mole fraction capable of reacting with multivalent metal cations.
3. The composition of claim 2 , said polyanionic polymer having at least about 25% anionic groups by mole fraction capable of reacting with multivalent metal cations.
4. The composition of claim 1 , said polyanionic polymer having carboxylic and sulfonic anionic groups.
5. The composition of claim 1 , said polyanionic polymer including maleic, itaconic, and sulfonate repeat units.
6. The composition of claim 5 , said polyanionic polymer being at least a tetrapolymer comprising at least four different repeat units individually and independently selected from the group consisting of type B, type C, and type G repeat units, and mixtures thereof, wherein:
said type B repeat units selected from the group consisting of repeat units derived from substituted and unsubstituted monomers of maleic acid and/or anhydride, fumaric acid and/or anhydride, mesaconic acid and/or anhydride, mixtures of the foregoing, and any isomers, esters, acid chlorides, and partial or complete salts of any of the foregoing, wherein type B repeat units may be substituted with one or more C1-C6 straight or branched chain alkyl groups substantially free of ring structures and halo atoms, and wherein the salts have salt-forming cations selected from the group consisting of metals, amines, and mixtures thereof,
said type C repeat units selected from the group consisting of repeat units derived from substituted or unsubstituted monomers of itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, and any isomers, esters, and the partial or complete salts of any of the foregoing, and mixtures of any of the foregoing, wherein the type C repeat units may be substituted with one or more C1-C6 straight or branched chain alkyl groups substantially free of ring structures and halo atoms, and wherein the salts have salt-forming cations selected from the group consisting of metals, amines, and mixtures thereof,
said type G repeat units selected from the group consisting of repeat units derived from substituted or unsubstituted sulfonated monomers possessing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and at least one sulfonate group and which are substantially free of aromatic rings and amide groups, and any isomers, and the partial or complete salts of any of the foregoing, and mixtures of any of the foregoing, wherein type G repeat units may be substituted with one or more C1-C6 straight or branched chain alkyl groups substantially free of ring structures and halo atoms, and wherein the salts of the type G repeat units have salt-forming cations selected from the group consisting of metals, amines, and mixtures thereof.
7. The composition of claim 6 , said polyanionic polymer being a tetrapolymer wherein at least about 90 mole percent of the repeat units therein are selected from the group consisting of type B, C, and G repeat units, and mixtures thereof.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein at least about 96 mole percent of the repeat units therein are selected from the group consisting of type B, C, and G repeat units, and mixtures thereof.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the repeat units consist essentially of repeat units selected from the group consisting of type B, C, and G repeat units, and mixtures thereof.
10. The composition of claim 6 , wherein said polyanionic polymer is substantially free of ester groups.
11. The composition of claim 6 , said polyanionic polymer having one type B repeat unit, one type C repeat unit, and two different type G repeat units.
12. The composition of claim 6 , said polyanionic polymer being a tetrapolymer, said one type B repeat unit is derived from maleic acid, said one type C repeat unit is derived from itaconic acid, and two type G repeat units are respectively derived from methallyl sulfonic acid and allyl sulfonic acid.
13. The composition of claim 12 , said type B repeat unit being present at a level of from about 35-50 mole percent, said type C repeat unit being present at a level of from about 20-55 mole percent, said type G repeat unit derived from methallyl sulfonic acid being present at a level of from about 1-25 mole percent, and said type G repeat unit derived from allyl sulfonic acid being present at a level of from about 1-20 mole percent, where the total amount of all of the repeat units in the polymer is taken as 100 mole percent.
14. The composition of claim 6 , said polyanionic polymer having two different type B repeat units, one type C repeat unit, and one type G repeat unit.
15. The composition of claim 6 , said polyanionic polymer having at least one repeat unit not selected from the group consisting of type B, type C, and type G repeat units.
16. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the total amount of type B repeat units in said polyanionic polymer is from about 1-70 mole percent, the total amount of type C repeat units in said polyanionic polymer is from about 1-80 mole percent, and the total amount of type G repeat units in said polyanionic polymer is from about 1-65 mole percent, where the total amount of all of the repeat units in the polyanionic polymer is taken as 100 mole percent.
17. The composition of claim 16 , the total amount of type B repeat units in said polyanionic polymer is from about 20-65 mole percent, the total amount of type C repeat units in said polyanionic polymer is from about 15-75 mole percent, and the total amount of type G repeat units in said polyanionic polymer is from about 10-55 mole percent, where the total amount of all of the repeat units in the polyanionic polymer is taken as 100 mole percent.
18. The composition of claim 6 , said polyanionic polymer having a molecular weight of from about 800-50,000.
19. The composition of claim 6 , said polyanionic polymer being in a free acid form.
20. The composition of claim 6 , said polyanionic polymer being in partial or complete salt form, including one or more salt-forming cations bound with the polyanionic polymer.
21. The composition of claim 20 , said salt-forming cation selected from the group consisting of cations of metals, amines, and mixtures thereof.
22. The composition of claim 21 , said metal cations selected from the group consisting of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal cations.
23. The composition of claim 21 , said amine cations selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines, diamines, triamines, alkanolamines, and tetraalkylammonium species.
24. The composition of claim 1 , said polyanionic polymer derived from at least two different monomers individually and respectively taken from the group consisting of B′ and C′ monomers, or from recurring, different C′ monomers, wherein repeat unit B′ is of the general formula
and repeat unit C′ is of the general formula
wherein each R 7 is individually and respectively selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C 1 -C 30 straight, branched chain and cyclic alkyl or aryl groups, C 1 -C 30 straight, branched chain and cyclic alkyl or aryl formate (C 0 ), acetate (C 1 ), propionate (C 2 ), butyrate (C 3 ), etc., up to C 30 based ester groups, R′CO 2 groups, OR′ groups and COOX groups, wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 30 straight, branched chain and cyclic alkyl or aryl groups and X is selected from the group consisting of H, the alkali metals, NH 4 and the C 1 -C 4 alkyl ammonium groups, R 3 and R 4 are individually and respectively selected from the group consisting of H, C 1 -C 30 straight, branched chain and cyclic alkyl or aryl groups, R 5 , R 6 , R 10 and R 11 are individually and respectively selected from the group consisting of H, the alkali metals, NH 4 and the C 1 -C 4 alkyl ammonium groups, Y is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mo, V and Ca, and R 8 and R 9 are individually and respectively selected from the group consisting of nothing (i.e., the groups are non-existent), CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , and C 3 H 6 .
25. The composition of claim 24 , said polyanionic polymer having the generalized formula
where X is a cation and p range from about 10-500.
26. The composition of claim 24 , said polyanionic polymer being a maleic-itaconic polymer.
27. The composition of claim 1 , said boron compound selected from the group consisting of all forms of boric acid, borates, polyborates, and mixtures thereof.
28. The composition of claim 27 , said boron compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal borates.
29. The composition of claim 27 , said boron compound being boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ).
30. The composition of claim 1 , said boron compound dispersant or solvent selected from the group consisting of 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, glycolic acid, glyceric acid, dihydroxypropanedioic acid, and mixtures thereof.
31. The composition of claim 1 , said polyanionic polymer comprising a copolymer or terpolymer containing both carboxylate and sulfonate functional groups.
32. A fertilizer formulation comprising the composition of claim 1 mixed with a fertilizer comprising urea in liquid form, wherein the boron compound dispersant(s) or solvent(s) are compatible with said fertilizer.
33. A method of fertilizing soil comprising the step of applying the formulation of claim 32 to soil.
34. A method of providing boron to growing plants comprising the step of applying the formulation of claim 32 directly onto plants.
35. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the saturated aliphatic diols, glycols, and mixtures thereof are selected from the group consisting of propanediols, butanediols, ethylene glycols and neopentyl glycols.
36. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the saturated compounds having three or more hydroxyl groups are non-PVA compounds selected from the group consisting of glycerol and pentaerythritol.
37. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alpha-hydroxy acids are selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid tartaric acid, tartronic acid, glyceric acid, and dihydroxypropanedioic acid.
38. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyanionic polymer compositions comprises 1:1 (by mole) ratio of maleic to itaconic acid repeat units.
39. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a dye.
40. An aqueous liquid composition comprising:
a polyanionic polymer present at a level of from about 25-45% by weight;
a boron compound present at a level of from about 3-5% by weight; and
a boron compound dispersant or solvent present at a level of from about 15-40% by weight, said dispersant or solvent selected from the group consisting of: (1) saturated aliphatic diols, glycols, and mixtures thereof which are essentially free of carbon-carbon double bonds; (2) aliphatic alpha-hydroxy acids essentially free of carbon-carbon double bonds and ring structures; and (3) mixtures of the foregoing,
wherein all of said weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the composition taken as 100% by weight;
said polyanionic polymer, boron compound, and boron compound dispersant or solvent, being in aqueous dispersion or solution,
said composition operable to maintain the boron compound content thereof in stable dispersion or solution for a period of at least about 72 hours at ambient temperature without stirring.