Systems and methods utilizing randomized clock rates to reduce systematic time-stamp granularity errors in network packet communications
View Patent ↗Systems and methods are disclosed for utilizing slave (receive) time-stamp clock rates that are different from master (sender) time-stamp clock rates to randomize and thereby reduce systematic time-stamp granularity errors in the communication of network packets. The slave (receive) time-stamp clock rate for some embodiments is set to be a fixed value that has a relationship with the master (sender) time-stamp clock rate such that the ratio of the slave (receive) clock rate to the master (sender) clock rate is a rational number. Other embodiments use a time-varying frequency for the slave (receive) time-stamp clock rate to randomize the slave (receive) time-stamp clock with respect to the master (sender) time-stamp clock. Additional time-stamps can also be generated using a slave (receive) time-stamp clock having a rate set to equal the rate of the master (sender) time-stamp clock signal. Further spread spectrum and/or delta-sigma modulation techniques can be applied to effectively randomize the slave (receive) time-stamp clock.
1. A receiving device for network communications, comprising:
a packet reception interface configured to receive network packets from a sending device;
a time-stamp generator configured to generate receive time-stamps associated with received network packets using a receive time-stamp clock signal having a receive time-stamp clock rate, wherein an effective rate for the receive time-stamp clock signal varies over time around a mean value to randomize timing for generation of the receive time-stamps with respect to a sender time-stamp clock rate for a sender time-stamp clock signal used to generate sender time-stamps so that receive time-stamps are randomized with respect to sender time-stamps; and
a time-stamp clock generator configured to generate the receive time-stamp clock signal having the receive time-stamp clock rate;
wherein the time-stamp generator is configured to have a conversion value as an input that is generated by adding a zero-mean noise sequence to a nominal value using a summer, the conversion value being configured to be varied over-time around a mean value to cause the effective rate for the receive time-stamp clock signal to vary over time around a mean value.
2. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the time-stamp clock generator comprises a numerically controlled oscillator configured to have a clock signal and the conversion value as inputs and configured to output a signal used to provide the receive time-stamp clock signal.
3. The receiving device of claim 2 , wherein the zero-mean noise sequence comprises a variable input value summed with the nominal input value.
4. The receiving device of claim 3 , wherein the variable input value is configured to be based upon a pseudo-random number to apply a spread spectrum technique to the conversion value.
5. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the time-stamp generator comprises an adder configured to have the conversion value and a current time-stamp value as inputs and a register coupled to receive an output from the adder, the register being configured to be clocked by the receive time-stamp clock signal to store the output from the adder.
6. The receiving device of claim 5 , wherein the zero-mean noise sequence comprises a variable input value summed with the nominal input value.
7. The receiving device of claim 6 , wherein the variable input value is configured to be based upon a pseudo-random number to apply a spread spectrum technique to the conversion value.
8. The receiving device of claim 6 , wherein the variable input value is configured to be based upon a pulse-density modulated stream to apply a delta-sigma modulation technique to the conversion value.
9. A method for network communications, comprising:
receiving at a receiving device network packets from a sending device, the network packets including sender time-stamps generated at the sending device using a sender time-stamp clock signal having a sender time-stamp clock rate;
generating receive time-stamps associated with received network packets using a receive time-stamp clock signal having an effective rate that varies over time around a mean value to randomize timing for generation of the receive time-stamps with respect to the sender time-stamp clock rate so that receive time-stamps are randomized with respect to sender time-stamps; and
utilizing the sender time-stamps and the receive time-stamps for time alignment within the receiving device;
wherein the generating further comprises receiving a conversion value as an input that is generated by adding a zero-mean noise sequence to a nominal value using a summer, the conversion value being varied over-time around a mean value to cause the effective rate for the receive time-stamp clock signal to vary over time around a mean value.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising generating the receive time-stamp clock signal using a numerically controlled oscillator having a clock signal and the conversion value as inputs.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the zero-mean noise sequence comprises a variable input value summed with the nominal input value.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the conversion value is varied using a pseudo-random number to apply a spread spectrum technique to the conversion value.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the generating step further comprises adding the conversion value to a current time-stamp value to generate the receive time-stamps, and storing the receive time-stamps based upon the receive time-stamp clock signal.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the zero-mean noise sequence comprises a variable input value summed with the nominal input value.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the conversion value is varied using a pseudo-random number to apply a spread spectrum technique to the conversion value.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the conversion value is varied using a pulse-density modulated stream to apply a delta-sigma modulation technique to the conversion value.