Spatial null creation using massive MIMO (M-MIMO)
View Patent ↗In a base station having a Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO) antenna array, the availability of the M-MIMO antenna array is exploited to manage the interference caused by the base station to neighboring cells. In one embodiment, the large number of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array are used to create precise transmit and/or receive spatial nulls at specific User Equipments (UEs) being served by a neighboring cell and/or in select areas of the neighboring cell. Depending on whether the spatial null is partial or full, transmissions by the base station may have reduced or even zero receive power within the neighboring cell.
1. A base station, comprising:
a Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO) antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements; and
a processor configured to:
determine an estimate of a channel from the base station to a user equipment served by a neighboring base station;
determine, based at least in part on the estimate, a transmit precoder matrix;
apply the transmit precoder matrix to a plurality of data streams to generate a plurality of pre-coded data streams; and
couple the plurality of pre-coded data streams to a subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array to transmit the plurality of pre-coded data streams,
wherein the processor is further configured to determine at least one of the transmit precoder matrix or the subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array to spatially align interference due to transmission of the plurality of pre-coded data streams in one or more spatial directions at the user equipment.
2. The base station of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to receive, using the M-MIMO antenna array, uplink pilot transmissions by the user equipment to the neighboring base station and calculate the estimate of the channel based on the received uplink pilot transmissions.
3. The base station of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
transmit, using the M-M MO antenna array, a pilot signal to the user equipment; and
receive, using the M-MIMO antenna array, the estimate of the channel from the base station to the user equipment served by the neighboring base station.
4. The base station of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine an approximate location of the user equipment;
retrieve from a memory a historical channel estimate based on the approximate location of the user equipment; and
determine the estimate of the channel based on the historical channel estimate.
5. The base station of claim 4 , wherein the processor is further configured to use the M-MIMO antenna array to determine the approximate location of the user equipment.
6. The base station of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine at least one of the transmit precoder matrix or the subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array to spatially align the interference due to transmission of the plurality of pre-coded data streams in a single spatial direction at the user equipment.
7. The base station of claim 1 , wherein a size of the one or more spatial directions is less than a number of the plurality of pre-coded data streams.
8. A method performed by a base station having a Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO) antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements, comprising:
determining an estimate of a channel from the base station to a user equipment served by a neighboring base station;
determining, based at least in part on the estimate, a transmit precoder matrix;
applying the transmit precoder matrix to a plurality of data streams to generate a plurality of pre-coded data streams; and
transmitting the plurality of pre-coded data streams using a subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array,
wherein at least one of the transmit precoder matrix or the subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array is selected to spatially align interference due to transmission of the plurality of pre-coded data streams in one or more spatial directions at the user equipment.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
receiving, using the M-MIMO antenna array, uplink pilot transmissions by the user equipment to the neighboring base station; and
calculating the estimate of the channel based on the received uplink pilot transmissions.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
transmitting, using the M-MIMO antenna array, a pilot signal to the user equipment; and
receiving, using the M-MIMO antenna array, the estimate of the channel from the user equipment.
11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
determining an approximate location of the user equipment;
retrieving from a memory a historical channel estimate based on the approximate location of the user equipment; and
determining the estimate of the channel based on the historical channel estimate.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
using the M-MIMO antenna array to determine the approximate location of the user equipment.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the transmit precoder matrix or the subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array is selected to spatially align the interference due to transmission of the plurality of pre-coded data streams in a single spatial direction at the user equipment.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein a size of the one or more spatial directions is less than a number of the plurality of pre-coded data streams.
15. The base station of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of data streams is a first plurality of data streams;
the subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array is a first subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array; and
the processor is further configured to:
determine, based at least in part on the estimate, a receive decoding matrix; and
apply the receive decoding matrix to a second plurality of data streams, received using a second subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array, to generate a plurality of separated data streams; and
determine at least one of the receive decoding matrix or the second subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array to produce a receive beam pattern having a spatial null in a direction of the user equipment.
16. The base station of claim 15 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine at least one of the receive decoding matrix or the second subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array such that the receive beam pattern further has a spatial null in a direction of the neighboring base station.
17. The base station of claim 15 , wherein the processor is further configured to receive, using the M-MIMO antenna array, uplink pilot transmissions by the user equipment to the neighboring base station and calculate the estimate of the channel from the base station to the user equipment based on the received uplink pilot transmissions.
18. The base station of claim 17 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine the receive decoding matrix for the M-MIMO antenna array based on the received uplink pilot transmissions.
19. The base station of claim 17 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine an estimate of a channel from the user equipment to the base station based on the uplink pilot transmissions and to determine the receive decoding matrix based at least in part on the estimate of the channel from the user equipment to the base station.
20. The base station of claim 15 , wherein the receive decoding matrix is configured to substantially null transmissions from the user equipment at the base station.
21. The base station of claim 15 , wherein the second subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array overlaps at least in part with the first subset of the plurality of antenna elements of the M-MIMO antenna array.