Polymer and solar cell using the same
A polymer of an embodiment includes a recurring unit containing at least one bivalent group selected from among a formula (1), a formula (2), a formula (3), and a formula (4). Z1 indicates carbon having an R1 group, nitrogen, or the like. Z2 indicates oxygen, sulfur, selenium, nitrogen having an R2 group, or the like. The R1 and R2 groups indicate hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or the like, X indicates oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or the like.
1. A polymer comprising a recurring unit containing at least one selected from a bivalent group represented by the following formula (1), a bivalent group represented by the following formula (2), a bivalent group represented by the following formula (3), or a bivalent group represented by the following formula (4)
wherein Z1 indicates one selected from carbon having an R1 group or nitrogen, Z2 indicates one selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, nitrogen having an R2 group, or a sulfinyl group, the R1 group indicates a monovalent group selected from hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, the R2 group indicates a monovalent group selected from hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, and X indicates one selected from oxygen, sulfur, or selenium.
2. The polymer of claim 1 , comprising at least one selected from among a recurring unit represented by the formula (1), a recurring unit represented by the formula (2), a recurring unit represented by the formula (3), and a recurring unit represented by the formula (4).
3. The polymer of claim 2 , further comprising a cross-linking group as an end group.
4. The polymer of claim 1 , comprising at least one selected from a recurring unit represented by the following formula (5), a recurring unit represented by the following formula (6), a recurring unit represented by the following formula (7), or a recurring unit represented by the following formula (8).
wherein Z1 indicates one selected from carbon having an R1 group or nitrogen, Z2 indicates one selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, nitrogen having an R2 group, or a sulfinyl group, the R1 group indicates a monovalent group selected from hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, the R2 group indicates a monovalent group selected from hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, ord a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, X indicates one selected from among oxygen, sulfur, or selenium, and Ar1 indicates a divalent conjugated group.
5. The polymer of claim 4 , further comprising a cross-linking group as an end group.
6. The polymer of claim 1 , comprising at least one selected from a recurring unit represented by the following formula (9), a recurring unit represented by the following formula (10), a recurring unit represented by the following formula (11), or a recurring unit represented by the following formula (12).
wherein at least one selected from Z3 or Z4 has a cross-linking group, Z1 and Z3 without having a cross-linking group independently indicate one selected from carbon having an R1 group or nitrogen, Z2 and Z4 without having a cross-linking group independently indicate one selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, nitrogen having an R2 group, or a sulfinyl group, the R1 group indicates a monovalent group selected from hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, the R2 group indicates a monovalent group selected from hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, and X indicates one selected from oxygen, sulfur, or selenium.
7. The polymer of claim 1 , comprising at least one selected from a recurring unit represented by the following formula (13), a recurring unit represented by the following formula (14), a recurring unit represented by the following formula (15), or a recurring unit represented by the following formula (16)
wherein at least one selected from Z3, Z4, or Ar2 has a cross-linking group, Z1 and Z3 without having a cross-linking group independently indicate one selected from carbon having an R1 group or nitrogen, Z2 and Z4 without having a cross-linking group independently indicate one selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, nitrogen having an R2 group, or an alkylsulfinyl group, the R1 group indicates a monovalent group selected from hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfanyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, the R2 group indicates a monovalent group selected from hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, X indicates one selected from oxygen, sulfur, or selenium, and Ar1 and Ar2 without having a cross-linking group indicate a divalent conjugated group.
8. A solar cell comprising the polymer of claim 1 .
9. A solar cell comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode; and
a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing an organic material,
wherein the organic material contains the polymer of claim 1 .
10. The solar cell of claim 9 ,
wherein the photoelectric conversion layer includes an active layer containing the polymer.
11. The solar cell of claim 9 ,
wherein the photoelectric conversion layer includes a buffer layer containing the polymer.