Hydrophobic coating of particulates for enhanced well productivity
Compositions and methods for coated or uncoated particulates, such as proppants, are provided that can, among other things, provide a hydrophobic surface that can enhance well productivity and other compositions and methods are disclosed.
1. A coated particulate, wherein the coating comprises:
an inner layer comprising a coating mixture of an alkoxylate or an alkoxylated alcohol and an acrylic polymer; and
an outer layer comprising an amorphous polyalphaolefin.
2. The coated particulate of claim 1 , wherein the coating further comprises fumed silica.
3. The coated particulate of claim 1 , wherein the particulate is a sand particle, a bauxite particle or a ceramic particle.
4. The coated particulate of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylate has a formula of Formula I, II, III, IV, or V:
R a O—(AO) z —H (I), wherein R a is aryl, or linear or branched C 6 -C 24 alkyl, AO at each occurrence is independently ethyleneoxy, propyleneoxy, butyleneoxy, or random or block mixtures thereof, and z is from 1 to 50;
R—O—(C 3 H 6 O) x (C 2 H 4 O) y —H (II), wherein x is a real number within a range of from 0.5 to 10; y is a real number within a range of from 2 to 20, and each R independently selected from the group consisting of two or more linear alkyl moieties each containing one or more linear alkyl group with an even number of carbon atoms from 4 to 20;
R 1 O—(CH 2 CH(R 2 )—O) p —(CH 2 CH 2 O) q —H (III), wherein R 1 is linear or branched C 4 -C 18 alkyl; R 2 is CH 3 or CH 3 CH 2 ; p is a real number from 0 to 11; and q is a real number from 1 to 20;
R a —O—(C 2 H 4 O) m (C 4 H 8 O) n —H (IV), wherein each R a is independently selected from the group consisting of one or more independently straight chain or branched alkyl groups or alkenyl groups having 3-22 carbon atoms, m is from 1 to 12, and n is from 1 to 8;
C 4 H 9 O—(C 2 H 4 O) r (C 3 H 9 O) s (C 2 H 4 O) t —H (V), wherein r is from 3-10, s is from 3 to 40, and t is from 10 to 45;
R—O—(—CH—CH 3 —CH 2 —O—) x —(—CH 2 —CH 2 —O—) y —H (VI), wherein x is from 0.5 to 10, y is from 2 to 20, and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a mixture of two or more linear alkyl moieties having an even number of carbon atoms between 4 and 20.
5. The coated particulate of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic polymer comprises an aqueous dispersion of particles made from a copolymer, based on the weight of the copolymer, comprising:
i) from 90 to 99.9 weight percent of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer not including component ii; and
ii) from 0.1 to 10 weight percent of (meth)acrylamide.
6. The coated particulate of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic polymer comprises an aqueous dispersion of particles made from a copolymer, based on the weight of the copolymer, comprising:
i) from 80 to 99.9 weight percent of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer not including component ii; and
ii) from 0.1 to 20 weight percent of a carboxylic acid monomer.
7. The coated particulate of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic polymer comprises an aqueous dispersion of particles made from a copolymer, based on the weight of the copolymer, comprising:
i) from 75 to 99 weight percent of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer not including component ii;
ii) from 1 to 25 weight percent of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer stabilized with a polyvalent metal.
8. The coated particulate of claim 5 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is (meth)acrylic acid.
9. The coated particulate of 7 , wherein the polyvalent metal is zinc or calcium.
10. The coated particulate of claim 1 wherein the acrylic polymer comprises a vinyl aromatic diene copolymer.
11. The coated particulate of claim 1 wherein the % wt of coating is less than or equal to 1.0% wt of the particulate.
12. The coated particulate of claim 1 , wherein the coated particulate is substantially free of a hydrogel.
13. A method of cleaning out a well bore comprising a coated particulate of claim 1 , the method comprising injecting a gas into the well bore to suspend the coated particulates in the well bore and displacing the coated particulate from the well bore.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the gas is air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the displacing comprises injecting a fluid into the well bore to displace the suspended particulates from the well bore.
16. A method of preparing coated particulates of claim 1 , the method comprising mixing the particulates with:
a) an alkoxylate or an alkoxylated alcohol and an acrylic polymer to coat the sand; and
b) mix the coated sand of step a) with an amorphous polyalphaolefin to form the coated particulates with the coating comprising the inner layer comprising the coating mixture of the alkoxylate or the alkoxylated alcohol and the acrylic polymer and the outer layer comprising the amorphous polyalphaolefin.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising mixing the particulate with fumed silica with the amorphous polyalphaolefin).
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the total weight of the alkoxylate or an alkoxylated alcohol and the acrylic polymer to the weight of the particulates is in a ratio of about 0.75:1000 to 1.25:1000.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the total weight of the amorphous poly-alpha-olefin to the weight of the particulates is in a ratio of about 0.75:1000 to 3.00:1000.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
c) mixing the product of step b) with a second amorphous poly-alpha-olefin to produce the coated particulate.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second amorphous poly-alpha-olefin is the same or different than the amorphous poly-alpha-olefin of step b).
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein the particulates are mixed with the alkoxylate or the alkoxylated alcohol, the acrylic polymer, and the amorphous poly-alpha-olefin for about 30 to about 180 seconds.