Magnetic copper alloys
Magnetic copper-nickel-tin-manganese alloys are disclosed. Also disclosed are processing steps that can be performed for maintaining and/or changing various magnetic or mechanical properties of the alloys. Further described herein are methods for using such an alloy, including various articles produced therefrom.
1. A magnetic copper alloy, comprising:
about 14 wt % to about 16 wt % nickel, about 7 wt % to about 9 wt % tin, at least 5 wt % to about 21 wt % manganese, and balance copper;
wherein the alloy is magnetic, as indicated by a relative magnetic permeability (μr) of at least 1.100; and
wherein the magnetic copper alloy is formed by:
casting the alloy;
homogenizing the alloy for a first time period of about 4 hours to about 22 hours at a temperature of about 1200° F. to about 1700° F.;
heating the alloy for a time period of about 1 hour to about 3 hours at a temperature of about 1400° F. to about 1600° F.;
hot rolling the alloy to achieve a reduction of about 65% to about 70%; and
solution annealing the alloy for a time period of about 1 hour to about 3 hours at a temperature of about 1200° F. to about 1600° F.
2. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , containing from at least 5 wt % to about 12 wt % manganese.
3. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic alloy has a relative magnetic permeability (μr) of at least 1.500.
4. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic alloy has an electrical conductivity (% IACS) of from about 1.5% to about 15%.
5. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic alloy has a Rockwell hardness B (HRB) of at least 60.
6. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic alloy has a Rockwell hardness C (HRC) of at least 25.
7. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic alloy has a relative magnetic permeability (μr) of at least 1.100, and a Rockwell hardness B (HRB) of at least 60.
8. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic alloy has a relative magnetic permeability (μr) of at least 1.100, and a Rockwell hardness C (HRC) of at least 25.
9. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the homogenizing occurs for a time period of about 4 hours to about 16 hours at a temperature of about 1400° F. to about 1700° F., and the alloy is then water quenched.
10. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 9 , wherein the alloy is further formed by a second homogenizing for a time period of about 8 hours to about 12 hours at a temperature of about 1500° F. to about 1600° F. and then water quenching.
11. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 9 , wherein the alloy is further formed by hot upsetting the alloy to about 40% to about 60% reduction prior to water quenching.
12. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the homogenizing occurs for a first time period of about 5 hours to about 7 hours at a temperature of about 1500° F. to about 1700° F., and the alloy is then air cooled.
13. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein:
the alloy is homogenized for a first time period of about 5 hours to about 7 hours at a first temperature of about 1500° F. to about 1700° F. and then air cooled;
the alloy is heated for a time period of about 1 hour to about 3 hours at a temperature of about 1400° F. to about 1600° F.;
the alloy is hot rolled to achieve a reduction of about 65% to about 70%;
the alloy is solution annealed for a time period of about 4 hours to about 6 hours at a temperature of about 1400° F. to about 1600° F.; and
wherein the forming further comprises cooling the annealed alloy by either furnace cooling or water quenching.
14. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 13 , wherein the alloy is further formed by aging the alloy for a time period of about 1 hour to about 24 hours at a temperature of about 750° F. to about 850° F. and then air cooling.
15. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , having a nickel content of about 8 wt % to about 12 wt % and a tin content of about 5 wt % to about 7 wt %.
16. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy is further treated by aging the alloy for a time period of about 2 hours to about 4 hours at a temperature of about 750° F. to about 1200° F. and then air cooling.
17. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy is further treated by cold rolling the alloy to achieve a reduction of about 20% to about 40%.
18. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 17 , wherein the alloy is further treated by aging the alloy for a time period of about 2 hours to about 4 hours at a temperature of about 750° F. to about 1200° F. and then air cooling.
19. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy in an aged condition exhibits a higher magnetic attraction distance than in a solution annealed condition.
20. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a 0.2% offset yield strength of about 20 ksi to about 140 ksi.
21. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has an ultimate tensile strength of about 60 ksi to about 150 ksi.
22. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a tensile elongation of about 4% to about 70%.
23. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a Rockwell B hardness of at least 60 or a Rockwell C hardness of at least 25.
24. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a 0.2% offset yield strength of about 20 ksi to about 140 ksi; an ultimate tensile strength of about 60 ksi to about 150 ksi; and a tensile elongation of about 4% to about 70%.
25. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a magnetic attraction distance of about 0.5 centimeters to about 11.5 centimeters.
26. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a magnetic attraction distance of at least 6 centimeters.
27. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a maximum magnetic moment at saturation of at least 0.4 emu.
28. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a coercivity of at least 100 Oersted.
29. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy has a coercivity of less than 100 Oersted.
30. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy is formed by adding nickel, tin, and manganese to a molten copper batch; or wherein the alloy is made by forming a mixture or copper, nickel, tin and manganese, and then melting the mixture.
31. The magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises cobalt in an amount of up to about 15 wt %.
32. An article formed from the magnetic copper alloy of claim 1 .
33. The article of claim 32 , wherein the article is a strip, rod, tube, wire, bar, plate, shape, or spring, or is a magnetic shield, a magnetic switch relay, a component of a magnetic sensor, or a separator between magnetic materials, or an acoustically damping device, or is a strip, a wire, a thin film, a temperature or positional control device.