High strength, scratch resistant and transparent glass-based materials
Embodiments of a transparent glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a second phase that is different from and is dispersed in the glass phase are provided. The second phase may comprise a crystalline or a nanocrystalline phase, a fiber, and/or glass particles. In some embodiments, the second phase is crystalline. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based material has a transmittance of at least about 88% over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa·m 1/2 , and wherein a surface of the glass-based material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3w.
1. A glass-based material, the glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a second phase that is different than the glass phase and dispersed within the glass phase, wherein the glass-based material has a transmittance of at least about 88%/mm over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa·m 1/2 , and wherein a surface of the glass-based material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3w, wherein the second phase is a crystalline ceramic phase comprising at least one of mullite, spinel, β-quartz, petalite, lithium disilicate, β-spodumene, nepheline, and alumina, and wherein the glass phase comprises at least one of a soda lime glass, an alkali aluminosilicate glass, and a lithium alumina silicate glass.
2. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises any one or more of:
crystals having a mean crystalline size in a range from 5 nm to 200 nm, as determined from x-ray diffraction/Rietveld analysis; and
up to 98 volume % of the glass-based materials.
3. The glass-based material of claim 2 , further comprising a second crystalline phase, the second crystalline phase comprising nepheline or anorthite.
4. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein a difference in refractive index between the glass phase and the second phase is less than about 0.025.
5. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material is ion exchanged and has a retained strength after abrasion of at least about 250 MPa as measured by abraded ring-on-ring testing.
6. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than about 45×10 −7 K −1 .
7. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has a Young's modulus in a range from about 80 GPa to about 100 GPa.
8. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has a thickness in a range from about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, and wherein the glass-based material has at least about a 60% survival rate when dropped in an inverted ball on sandpaper test with a 4.2 g stainless steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm from a drop height of 80 cm onto a 30 grit sandpaper positioned above the surface of the glass-based material so there is a 100 μm air gap, wherein the survival rate is based on testing at least 5 samples.
9. The glass-based material of claim 1 , having a fracture toughness of greater than 1.2 MPa·m 1/2 .
10. A consumer electronic product comprising the glass-based material of claim 1 .
11. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass comprises:
55 to 75 mol % SiO 2 ;
10 to 20 mol % Al 2 O 3 ;
0 to 16 mol % B 2 O 3 ;
0 to 4 mol % Na 2 O;
0 to 4 mol % K 2 O;
0 to 8 mol % Li 2 O;
0 to 12 mol % MgO;
0 to 10 mol % ZnO;
0 to 5 mol % ZrO 2 ; and
0 to 0.5 mol % SnO 2 .
12. The glass-based material of claim 11 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite and β-quartz.
13. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite and β-quartz.
14. A glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a second phase that is different than the glass phase and dispersed within the glass phase, the glass-based material having a transmission of at least 88%/mm over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa·m 1/2 , wherein:
a. the second phase comprises particles having a mean size in a range from 5 nm to 200 nm;
b. the glass phase has a first index of refraction and the second phase has a second index of refraction, wherein the difference between the first index of refraction and the second index of refraction is less than about 0.025;
c. a volume fraction of the second phase in the glass-based material is in a range from 10 to about 98%;
d. the second phase is a crystalline ceramic phase comprising at least one of mullite, spinel, β-quartz, petalite, lithium disilicate, β-spodumene, nepheline, and alumina; and
e. the glass phase comprises at least one of a soda lime glass, an alkali aluminosilicate glass, and a lithium alumina silicate glass.
15. The glass-based material of claim 14 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises crystals having a mean crystalline size in a range from 5 nm to 200 nm, as determined from x-ray diffraction/Rietveld analysis.
16. The glass-based material of claim 14 , further comprising a second crystalline phase, the second crystalline phase comprising nepheline or anorthite.
17. The glass-based material of claim 14 , having a fracture toughness of greater than 1.2 MPa·m 1/2 .
18. A consumer electronic product comprising the glass-based material of claim 14 .
19. The glass-based material of claim 14 , wherein the glass comprises:
55 to 75 mol % SiO 2 ;
10 to 20 mol % Al 2 O 3 ;
0 to 16 mol % B 2 O 3 ;
0 to 4 mol % Na 2 O;
0 to 4 mol % K 2 O;
0 to 8 mol % Li 2 O;
0 to 12 mol % MgO;
0 to 10 mol % ZnO;
0 to 5 mol % ZrO 2 ; and
0 to 0.5 mol % SnO 2 .
20. The glass-based material of claim 19 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite and β-quartz.
21. The glass-based material of claim 14 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite and β-quartz.
22. A glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a second phase that is different than the glass phase and dispersed within the glass phase, the glass-based material having a transmission of at least 88%/mm over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm, a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa·m 1/2 a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than about 45×10 −7 K −1 , and a Young's modulus in a range from about 80 GPa to about 100 GPa, wherein the second phase is a crystalline ceramic phase comprising at least one of mullite, spinel, β-quartz, petalite, lithium disilicate, β-spodumene, nepheline, and alumina, and wherein the glass phase comprises at least one of a soda lime glass, an alkali aluminosilicate glass, and a lithium alumina silicate glass.
23. The glass-based material of claim 22 , wherein a difference in refractive index between the glass phase and the second phase is less than about 0.025.
24. The glass-based material of claim 22 , wherein the glass-based material is ion exchanged and has a retained strength after abrasion of at least about 250 MPa as measured by abraded ring-on-ring testing.
25. The glass-based material of claim 22 , wherein the glass-based material has a thickness in a range from about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, and wherein the glass-based material has at least about a 60% survival rate when dropped in an inverted ball on sandpaper test with a 4.2 g stainless steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm from a drop height of 80 cm onto a 30 grit sandpaper positioned above the surface of the glass-based material so there is a 100 μm air gap, wherein the survival rate is based on testing at least 5 samples.
26. The glass-based material of claim 22 , wherein a surface of the glass-based material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3w.
27. The glass-based material of claim 22 , having a fracture toughness of greater than 1.2 MPa·m 1/2 .
28. A consumer electronic product comprising the glass-based material of claim 22 .
29. The glass-based material of claim 22 , wherein the glass comprises:
55 to 75 mol % SiO 2 ;
10 to 20 mol % Al 2 O 3 ;
0 to 16 mol % B 2 O 3 ;
0 to 4 mol % Na 2 O;
0 to 4 mol % K 2 O;
0 to 8 mol % Li 2 O;
0 to 12 mol % MgO;
0 to 10 mol % ZnO;
0 to 5 mol % ZrO 2 ; and
0 to 0.5 mol % SnO 2 .
30. The glass-based material of claim 29 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite and β-quartz.
31. The glass-based material of claim 22 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite and β-quartz.
32. The glass-based material of claim 22 , wherein the crystalline ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite, spinel, petalite, lithium disilicate, β-spodumene, nepheline, and alumina.