Multi-acid polymers from multifunctional amino acids and sulfonyl halide precursors and methods of making the same
Multi-acid polymers are produced having the formula R—SO 2 —NH—(SO 3 − H + ) n or R—SO 2 —NH—(PO 3 − H 2+ ) n and made from a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form The R is one or more units of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride, n is one or more, and the multi-acid polymer has two or more proton conducting groups. A method of making the multi-acid polymers includes reacting an amino acid having multiple sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids with a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form in a mild base condition to produce the multi-acid polymer having two or more proton conducting groups.
1. A method of making a multi-acid polymer comprising:
reacting an amino acid having multiple sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids with a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form in a mild base condition to produce the multi-acid polymer having two or more proton conducting groups.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid is 7-aminonaphthalene 1,3,5-trisulfonic acid and the multi-acid polymer has four proton conducting groups.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-acid polymer has the following formula: R—SO 2 —NH—(SO 3 − H + ) n , R has the following formula:
wherein R f =—CF 2 —CF(CF 3 )—O—(CF 2 ) 2 —, —(CF 2 ) 4 —, or —(CF 2 ) 2 —, m=313.5, and n=1 or more.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid is selected from the following group: 2-Naphthylamine-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid; Sulfanilamide; 1-Naphthylamine-3,6,8,-trisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate; 8-Aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid disodium salt; 5-Amino naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid; 8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid tri sodium salt; Sodium 2-amino-4-sulfobenzene 1-sulfonate; sodium 3-amino-4-sulfobenzene-1-sulfonate; sodium 2-amino-5-sulfobenzene-1sulfonate; 4-Amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate; and Disodium 4-amino-5-sulfonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid is selected from the following group: 3-Aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid; 2-Amino-4,8-naphthalenedisulfonic acid; 4-Amino-6-chlorobenzene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride; 4-aminosulfonyl) benzene sulfonyl chloride; 6-Aminopyridine-3-sulfonic acid; 4-Aminopyridine-3sulfonic acid; 2Aminopyridine-5sulfonic acid; 2Aminopyridine-3sulfonic acid; 7-Amino-1.3-naphthalenedislifonic acid monopotassium salt monohydrate; 1-Amino-8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid; and 2,4,6-tris chlorosulfonyl aniline.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer precursor is 2-allyloxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro ethane sulfonyl fluoride.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer precursor is 4-(trifluoro vinyl) benzene sulfonyl fluoride.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer precursor is p-Styrene sulfonyl fluoride/chloride.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer precursor is Perfluoro (3-oxapent-4-ene) sulfonyl fluoride.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer precursor is Ethene sulfonyl fluoride.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer precursor is 2-propene-1-sulfonyl chloride.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer precursor is Perfluoro(4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct-7-ene)sulfonyl fluoride.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting comprises:
soaking the polymer precursor in a solvent;
adding a base to form the mild base condition;
adding the amino acid; and
reacting at a temperature of 100° C. or less for a period of time to form the multi-acid polymer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the period of time is greater than twelve hours.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid has multiple phosphonic acids and the multi-acid polymer has the following formula: R—SO 2 —NH—(PO 3 − H 2 30 ) n , wherein R=repeating units of a monomer forming the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride and n=1 or more.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the amino acid is 1-aminopropane-1,1,3-triphosphonic acid, n=3, the multi-acid polymer has seven proton conducting groups and has the following formula, with R being repeat units of the monomer forming the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride:
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein R has the following formula:
and wherein R f =—CF 2 —CF(CF 3 )—O—(CF 2 ) 2 —, —(CF 2 ) 4 —, or —(CF 2 ) 2 —, m=313.5, and n=1 or more.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the amino acid having multiple phosphonic acids is one of (4-Amino-1-hydroxybutane-1,1-diyl) diphosphonic acid, 1-Amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphonic acid and 1-amino propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid.