Methods and compositions for use of proppant surface chemistry and internal porosity to consolidate proppant particulates

1. A method of gravel packing a wellbore, the method comprising:

mixing an activator, a thickener, and a plurality of resin-coated proppant particulates to provide an activated slurry, wherein the activator comprises an epoxy and the resin-coated proppant particulates each comprise a phenol-formaldehyde resin coating containing a plurality of active amine sites;

contacting the activator with the phenol-formaldehyde resin coating to initiate a reaction of the activator with the phenol-formaldehyde resin coating in the activated slurry;

adding a crosslinker to the activated slurry to provide a gravel pack fluid;

introducing the gravel pack fluid into a gravel pack region of the wellbore; and

consolidating at least a portion of the plurality of resin-coated proppant particulates to provide a consolidated gravel pack, wherein the consolidated gravel pack has a UCS of about 60 psi to about 500 psi when formed under a pressure of about 0.01 psi to about 50 psi and a temperature of about 160° F. to about 250° F.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activated slurry is obtained by:

providing an aqueous solution containing, a breaker, the activator and the thickener; and

mixing the plurality of resin-coated proppant particulates with the aqueous solution to provide the activated slurry.

3. The method of claim 2 , where the breaker comprises a persulfate, encapsulated persulfate, or ammonia or any combination thereof.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activated slurry is obtained by:

providing a slurry containing the plurality of resin-coated proppant particulates; and

mixing the activator and a breaker with the slurry to provide the activated slurry.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consolidated gravel pack is disposed in a water injection well and remains consolidated after being subjected to water flowing therethrough at a rate of about 500,000 to about 2,000,000 gallons of water per day for at least one day.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activator comprises one or more flexible epoxy resins, and the gravel pack fluid has an activator concentration of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt %.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thickener is selected from the group consisting of guar, guar gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, starches, polysaccharides, alginates, HEC, ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and hydroxyethylcellulose, and polyacrylamides and any combination thereof.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker comprises boron, zirconium, titanium, chromium, iron, or aluminum or any combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker is a delayed crosslinker.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gravel pack fluid further comprises a buffer that delays crosslinking of the thickener for about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proppant particulates are selected from the group consisting of a ceramic proppant, a natural frac sand, a porous ceramic proppant and glass beads.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker in the gravel pack fluid increases the viscosity of the gravel pack fluid.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phenol-formaldehyde resin coating comprises an amine-cured novolac resin coating, wherein the amine-cured novolac resin coating has a curability of about 5 wt % to about 45 wt %.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the amine-cured novolac resin comprises a hexamine-cured novolac resin.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of active amine sites of the hexamine-cured novolac resin are residual active amine groups.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the presence of the activator does not affect a viscosity of the gravel pack fluid.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resin-coated proppant particulates are consolidated by bonding caused by the reaction of the activator with the phenol-formaldehyde resin coating, wherein the consolidation takes place at a temperature of less than 200° F.

18. A ceramic proppant composition, comprising:

a plurality of porous ceramic proppant particulates;

an activator infused into one or more pores of the porous ceramic proppant particulates, wherein the activator is selected from the group consisting of a water dispersible liquid epoxy resin, a water dispersible solid epoxy resin, and a flexible epoxy resin, and any mixture thereof; and

a resin coated onto outer surfaces of the porous ceramic proppant particulates, wherein the resin comprises an amine-cured novolac resin.

19. A method of gravel packing a wellbore, the method comprising:

mixing a thickener, a crosslinker, and the ceramic proppant composition of claim 18 to provide a gravel pack fluid;

introducing the gravel pack fluid into a gravel pack region of the wellbore; and

consolidating at least a portion of the ceramic proppant composition to provide a consolidated gravel pack, wherein the consolidated gravel pack has a UCS of about 60 psi to about 500 psi when formed under a pressure of about 0.01 psi to about 50 psi and a temperature of about 160° F. to about 250° F.,

wherein the activator elutes from the porous ceramic proppant particulates at a rate of about 0.5 ppm/(gram*day) to about 500 ppm/(gram*day).