Methods and apparatus to generate signatures representative of media
View Patent ↗Example signature comparison methods disclosed herein include accessing a first set of values from a query signature based on a first index value, the first set of values determined based on a corresponding set of first angles between a first reference line and respective first lines tangent to first functions defined from first frequency band values determined for monitored audio. Disclosed example methods also include accessing a second set of values from a reference signature based on the first index value. Disclosed example methods further include computing a first correlation coefficient based on the first and second sets of values, and comparing a set of correlation coefficients including the first correlation coefficient to a threshold to determine whether the query and reference signatures match.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a correlation calculator to:
access a first set of values from a query signature based on a first index value, the first set of values determined based on a corresponding set of first angles between a first reference line and respective first lines tangent to first functions defined from first frequency band values determined for monitored audio;
access a second set of values from a reference signature based on the first index value, the second set of values determined based on a corresponding set of second angles between a second reference line and respective second lines tangent to second functions defined from second frequency band values determined for reference audio; and
compute a first correlation coefficient based on the first set of values and the second set of values; and
a threshold comparator to compare a set of correlation coefficients including the first correlation coefficient to a threshold to determine whether the query signature matches the reference signature.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the monitored audio is first monitored audio, and the correlation calculator is further to:
access a third set of values from the query signature based on a second index value, the third set of values determined based on a corresponding set of third angles between the first reference line and respective third lines tangent to third functions defined from third frequency band values determined for second monitored audio; and
access a fourth set of values from the reference signature based on the second index value, the fourth set of values determined based on a corresponding set of fourth angles between the second reference line and respective fourth lines tangent to fourth functions defined from fourth frequency band values determined for the reference audio, the correlation calculator to compute the first correlation coefficient further based on the third set of values and the fourth set of values, as well as the first set of values and the second set of values.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second monitored audio partially overlaps the first monitored audio.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , further including:
a query signature windower to select a portion of the query signature as a query signature window; and
a reference signature windower to select a portion of the reference signature as a reference signature window, the correlation calculator to assign a set of indices to the portion of the query signature and the portion of the reference signature, the set of indices including the first index value and the second index value.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the threshold comparator is further to determine the query signature matches the reference signature when at least a threshold number of ones of the set of correlation coefficients satisfy the threshold.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first set of values corresponds to a first tuple of the first angles and the second set of values corresponds to a second tuple of the second angles.
7. An audio signature comparison method comprising:
accessing, by executing an instruction with a processor, a first set of values from a query signature based on a first index value, the first set of values determined based on a corresponding set of first angles between a first reference line and respective first lines tangent to first functions defined from first frequency band values determined for monitored audio;
accessing, by executing an instruction with the processor, a second set of values from a reference signature based on the first index value, the second set of values determined based on a corresponding set of second angles between a second reference line and respective second lines tangent to second functions defined from second frequency band values determined for reference audio;
computing, by executing an instruction with the processor, a first correlation coefficient based on the first set of values and the second set of values; and
comparing, by executing an instruction with the processor, a set of correlation coefficients including the first correlation coefficient to a threshold to determine whether the query signature matches the reference signature.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the monitored audio is first monitored audio, and further including:
accessing a third set of values from the query signature based on a second index value, the third set of values determined based on a corresponding set of third angles between the first reference line and respective third lines tangent to third functions defined from third frequency band values determined for second monitored audio; and
accessing a fourth set of values from the reference signature based on the second index value, the fourth set of values determined based on a corresponding set of fourth angles between the second reference line and respective fourth lines tangent to fourth functions defined from fourth frequency band values determined for the reference audio, the computing of the first correlation coefficient being further based on the third set of values and the fourth set of values, as well as the first set of values and the second set of values.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the second monitored audio partially overlaps the first monitored audio.
10. The method of claim 8 , further including:
selecting a portion of the query signature as a query signature window;
selecting a portion of the reference signature as a reference signature window; and
assigning a set of indices to the portion of the query signature and the portion of the reference signature, the set of indices including the first index value and the second index value.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the comparing includes determining the query signature matches the reference signature when at least a threshold number of ones of the set of correlation coefficients satisfy the threshold.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first set of values corresponds to a first tuple of the first angles and the second set of values corresponds to a second tuple of the second angles.
13. The method of claim 7 , further including, when the query signature is determined to match the reference signature, accessing a database using the reference signature to retrieve identification information for media associated with the monitored audio.
14. A tangible computer readable storage medium comprising computer readable instructions which, when executed, cause a processor to at least:
access a first set of values from a query signature based on a first index value, the first set of values determined based on a corresponding set of first angles between a first reference line and respective first lines tangent to first functions defined from first frequency band values determined for monitored audio;
access a second set of values from a reference signature based on the first index value, the second set of values determined based on a corresponding set of second angles between a second reference line and respective second lines tangent to second functions defined from second frequency band values determined for reference audio;
compute a first correlation coefficient based on the first set of values and the second set of values; and
compare a set of correlation coefficients including the first correlation coefficient to a threshold to determine whether the query signature matches the reference signature.
15. The storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the monitored audio is first monitored audio, and the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to:
access a third set of values from the query signature based on a second index value, the third set of values determined based on a corresponding set of third angles between the first reference line and respective third lines tangent to third functions defined from third frequency band values determined for second monitored audio;
access a fourth set of values from the reference signature based on the second index value, the fourth set of values determined based on a corresponding set of fourth angles between the second reference line and respective fourth lines tangent to fourth functions defined from fourth frequency band values determined for the reference audio; and
compute the first correlation coefficient further based on the third set of values and the fourth set of values, as well as the first set of values and the second set of values.
16. The storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the second monitored audio partially overlaps the first monitored audio.
17. The storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to:
select a portion of the query signature as a query signature window;
select a portion of the reference signature as a reference signature window; and
assign a set of indices to the portion of the query signature and the portion of the reference signature, the set of indices including the first index value and the second index value.
18. The storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to determine the query signature matches the reference signature when at least a threshold number of ones of the set of correlation coefficients satisfy the threshold.
19. The storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the first set of values corresponds to a first tuple of the first angles and the second set of values corresponds to a second tuple of the second angles.
20. The storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to access a database using the reference signature to retrieve identification information for media associated with the monitored audio when the query signature is determined to match the reference signature.