SOL-GEL ENCAPSULATED WATER-SOLUBLE ORGANIC LIQUIDS AND ORGANIC LIQUIDS AND METHOD OF USING SAME
Disclosed is a composition of matter comprising a water-soluble organic liquid or water soluble liquid solution encapsulated by a porous sol-gel material and a method for releasing the water-soluble organic liquid or water soluble liquid solution from the porous sol-gel material.
1 . A composition of matter comprising
a water-soluble organic liquid or water soluble liquid solution encapsulated by a porous sol-gel material.
2 . The composition of claim 1 wherein the sol-gel material has a pore volume of from about 0.9 mL/g to about 1.1 mL/g.
3 . The composition of claim 2 wherein the sol-gel material has a pore volume of from about 0.2 mL/g to about 0.6 mL/g.
4 . The composition of claim 1 wherein the sol-gel material has a surface area of from about 300 m 2 /g to about 1300 m 2 /g.
5 . The composition of claim 4 wherein the sol-gel material has a surface area of from about 600 m 2 /g to about 1000 m 2 /g.
6 . The composition of claim 1 wherein the sol-gel material is swellable to at least five times its original volume in acetone.
7 . The composition of claim 6 wherein the sol-gel is swellable to about eight to ten times its original volume in acetone.
8 . The composition of claim 8 wherein the sol-gel material is obtained from
(a) from about 100 vol. % to about 10 vol. % at least one first alkoxysilane precursor having the formula:
(R′O) 3 -Si—(CH 2 ) n Ar—(CH 2 ) m -Si—(OR′) 3 (1)
where n and m are individually an integer from 1 to 8, Ar is a single-, fused-, or poly-aromatic ring, and each R′ is independently a C 1 to C 5 alkyl group and
(b) from about 0 vol. % to about 80 vol. % of at least one second precursor having the formula:
where x is 1, 2, 3 or 4; y is 0, 1, 2, 3; z is 0, 1; the total of x+y+z is 4; each R is independently an organic functional group; each an R′ is independently a C 1 to C 5 alkyl group and R″ is an organic bridging group.
9 . The composition of claim 8 where x is 2 or 3, y is 1 or 2 and z is 0 and R′ is a methyl, an ethyl, or a propyl group.
10 . The composition of claim 8 wherein R comprises an unsubstituted or substituted straight-chain hydrocarbon group, branched-chain hydrocarbon group, cyclic hydrocarbon group, or aromatic hydrocarbon group.
11 . The composition of claim 10 wherein R comprises an alkyl hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with heteroatom containing moieties or aromatic amines.
12 . The composition of claim 8 wherein the first alkoxysilane precursor comprises a bis(trialkoxysilylalkyl)benzene.
13 . The composition of claim 12 where the first alkoxysilane precursor comprises bis 1,4-bis(trimethoxysilylmethyl)benzene (BTB), bis(triethoxysilylethyl)benzene (BTEB), or mixtures thereof.
14 . The composition of claim 8 wherein the second alkoxysilane precursor comprises tetramethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dim ethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysiliane, aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene, 2-(trimethoxysilylethyl)pyridine, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)amine, para-trifluoromethylterafluorophenyltrimethoxysilane, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydro-octyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-cyanopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-sulfoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, isocyanopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, isocyanopropyltrimethoxysilane or trimethoxypropylbenzylcarbamate.
15 . The composition of claim 1 wherein the amount of water-soluble organic liquid encapsulated by the porous sol-gel material is from about 150 to about 1100% w/w.
16 . The composition of claim 15 wherein the amount of water-soluble organic liquid encapsulated by the porous sol-gel material is from about 250 to about 950% w/w.
17 . The composition of claim 15 wherein the amount of water-soluble organic liquid or water soluble liquid solution encapsulated by the porous sol-gel material is from about 400 to about 700% w/w.
18 . The composition of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble organic liquid or water soluble liquid solution further comprises a solute.
19 . The composition of claim 18 wherein the solute is a flavor, fragrance or colorant.
20 . The composition of claim 18 wherein the solute is soluble in water at a concentration of at least 25 grams per liter.
22 . The composition of claim 18 wherein the solute is soluble in water at a concentration of at least 50 grams per liter.
22 . The composition of claim 21 wherein the solute is soluble in water at a concentration of at least 100 grams per liter.
23 . The composition of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble organic liquid is ethanol.
24 . The composition of claim 23 further comprising a solute.
25 . The composition of claim 1 further comprising a water permeable receptacle in which the composition is contained.
26 . A method for releasing a water-soluble organic liquid or water-soluble liquid solution comprising:
releasing a water-soluble organic liquid or water-soluble liquid solution encapsulated in a porous sol-gel material from the porous sol-gel material.
27 . The method of claim 26 wherein the porous sol-gel material encapsulated water-soluble organic liquid or water-soluble liquid solution is contained in a water permeable receptacle.
28 . The method of claim 26 wherein the porous sol-gel material encapsulated water-soluble organic liquid or water-soluble liquid solution is released by applying heat or a vacuum under conditions sufficient to release the porous sol-gel material encapsulated water-soluble organic liquid or water-soluble liquid solution from the porous sol-gel material.
29 . The method of claim 26 wherein the porous sol-gel material encapsulated water-soluble organic liquid or water-soluble liquid solution is released by applying sufficient centrifugal force to release the porous sol-gel material encapsulated water-soluble organic liquid or water-soluble liquid solution from the porous sol-gel material.
30 . The method of claim 27 wherein the porous sol-gel material encapsulated water-soluble organic liquid or water-soluble liquid solution is released by extracting with water or an aqueous solution under conditions sufficient to release the porous sol-gel material encapsulated from the porous sol-gel material.
31 . The method of claim 26 wherein the sol-gel material has a pore volume of from about 0.9 mL/g to about 1.1 mL/g.
32 . The method of claim 31 wherein the sol-gel material has a pore volume of from about 0.2 mL/g to about 0.6 mL/g.
33 . The method of claim 26 wherein the sol-gel material has a surface area of from about 300 m 2 /g to about 1300 m 2 /g.
34 . The method of claim 33 wherein the sol-gel material has a pore volume of from about 600 m 2 /g to about 1000 m 2 /g.
35 . The method of claim 26 wherein the sol-gel material is swellable to at least five times its original volume in acetone.
36 . The method of claim 35 wherein the sol-gel is swellable to about eight to ten times its original volume in acetone.
37 . The method of claim 26 wherein the porous sol-gel material is obtained from
(a) from about 100 vol. % to about 10 vol. % at least one first alkoxysilane precursor having the formula:
(R′O) 3 -Si—(CH 2 ) n -Ar—(CH 2 ) m -Si—(OR′) 3 (1)
where n and m are individually an integer from 1 to 8, Ar is a single-, fused-, or poly-aromatic ring, and each R′ is independently a C 1 to C 5 alkyl group and
(b) from about 0 vol. % to about 80 vol. % of at least one second precursor having the formula:
where x is 1, 2, 3 or 4; y is 0, 1, 2, 3; z is 0, 1; the total of x+y+z is 4; each R is independently an organic functional group; each an R′ is independently a C 1 to C 5 alkyl group and R″ is an organic bridging group.
38 . The method of claim 37 where x is 2 or 3, y is 1 or 2 and z is 0, R′ is a methyl, an ethyl, or a propyl group.
39 . The method of claim 37 wherein R comprises an unsubstituted or substituted straight-chain hydrocarbon group, branched-chain hydrocarbon group, cyclic hydrocarbon group, or aromatic hydrocarbon group.
40 . The method of claim 39 wherein R comprises an alkyl hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with heteroatom containing moieties or aromatic amines.
41 . The method of claim 37 wherein the first alkoxysilane precursor comprises a bis(trialkoxysilylalkyl)benzene.
42 . The method of claim 41 where the first alkoxysilane precursor comprises bis 1,4-bis(trimethoxysilylmethyl)benzene (BTB), bis(triethoxysilylethyl)benzene (BTEB), or mixtures thereof.
43 . The method of claim 37 wherein the second alkoxysilane precursor comprises tetramethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysiliane, aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene, 2-(trimethoxysilylethyl)pyridine, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)amine, para-trifluoromethylterafluorophenyltrimethoxysilane, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydro-octyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-cyanopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-sulfoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, isocyanopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, isocyanopropyltrimethoxysilane and or trimethoxypropylbenzylcarbamate.
44 . The method of claim 26 wherein the amount of water-soluble organic liquid encapsulated by the porous sol-gel material is from about 150 to about 1100% w/w.
45 . The method of claim 44 wherein the amount of water-soluble organic liquid encapsulated by the porous sol-gel material is from about 250 to about 950% w/w.
46 . The method of claim 45 wherein the amount of water-soluble organic liquid or water soluble liquid solution encapsulated by the porous sol-gel material is from about 400 to about 700% w/w.
47 . The method of claim 26 wherein the water-soluble organic liquid or water soluble liquid solution further comprises a solute.
48 . The method of claim 47 wherein the solute is a flavor, fragrance or colorant.
49 . The method of claim 47 wherein the solute is soluble in water at a concentration of at least 25 grams per liter.
50 . The method of claim 49 wherein the solute is soluble in water at a concentration of at least 50 grams per liter.
51 . The method of claim 50 wherein the solute is soluble in water at a concentration of at least 100 grams per liter.
52 . The method of claim 26 wherein the water-soluble organic liquid is ethanol.
53 . The method of claim 52 further comprising a solute.