SEM scanner sensing apparatus, system and methodology for early detection of ulcers
A handheld, conforming capacitive sensing apparatus configured to measure Sub-Epidermal Moisture (SEM) as a mean to detect and monitor the formation of pressure ulcers. The device incorporates an array of electrodes which are excited to measure and scan SEM in a programmable and multiplexed manner by a battery-less RF-powered chip. The scanning operation is initiated by an interrogator which excites a coil embedded in the apparatus and provides the needed energy burst to support the scanning/reading operation. Each electrode measures the equivalent sub-epidermal capacitance corresponding and representing the moisture content.
1. A Sub-Epidermal Moisture (SEM) sensing apparatus, comprising:
a flexible substrate,
a first electrode and a second electrode that are both disposed on a common side of the flexible substrate, and
an electronics package that is individually wired to each of the first and second electrodes and configured for independent interrogation, excitation, and data retrieval and further configured to measure a sub-epidermal capacitance of a target region of skin between the first and second electrodes, the sub-epidermal capacitance corresponding to the moisture content of the target region.
2. The SEM apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode and their electrical coupling to the electronics package are configured such that the first and second electrodes form a bipolar radiofrequency (RF) sensor.
3. The SEM apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible substrate and the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to be placed on the target region of skin of a patient's body such that both the first and second electrode are in close proximity with the target region of skin.
4. A Sub-Epidermal Moisture (SEM) sensing apparatus, comprising:
a flexible substrate,
four or more electrodes disposed on a common side of the flexible substrate, and
an electronics package that is individually wired to each of the four or more electrodes configured for independent interrogation, excitation, and data retrieval, wherein said electronics package is further configured to select a pair of electrodes from said four or more electrodes and measure a sub-epidermal capacitance of a target region of skin between the selected pair of electrodes, the sub-epidermal capacitance corresponding to an amount of moisture content of the target region.
5. The SEM sensing apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the four or more electrodes and their electrical coupling to the electronics package are configured such that the selected pair of electrodes form a bipolar radiofrequency (RF) sensor.
6. The SEM sensing apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the flexible substrate and the four or more electrodes are configured to be placed on the target region of a patient's body such that the four or more electrodes are in close proximity with the target region.
7. The SEM sensing apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the four or more electrodes define a target location, wherein the measured capacitance corresponds to the SEM at a sub-location defined by the selected pair of electrodes, and wherein the SEM is an indicator of pressure ulcer formation at the sub-location.
8. The SEM sensing apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the four or more electrodes are configured to measure SEM values at two or more sub-locations to generate a SEM image of the target location without using a scanning motion.