Mixer with improved linearity
Mixers with improved linearity are disclosed. A diode or FET ring mixer is implemented with at least one parallel shunt element coupled with the ring mixer, the shunt element providing shunt to a diode or FET, for example, to reduce the effect of nonlinear or off resistance and/or capacitance. Linearity, isolation, symmetry, even order harmonics of the ring mixer, or any combination thereof can be improved as a result. The linearity of the ring mixer with parallel shunt resistors can be further improved by adding series resistors in the ring according to certain embodiments.
1. A mixer comprising:
switching circuit elements comprising a first switching element and a second switching element arranged in a ring; and
shunt elements comprising a first shunt element and a second shunt element,
wherein the first shunt element is coupled in parallel with the first switching circuit element and the second shunt element is coupled in parallel with the second switching circuit element,
wherein the plurality of switching circuit elements are switched on and switched off based at least in part on a local oscillator signal received by the switching circuit elements, and
wherein the mixer is configured to mix an input signal with the local oscillator signal to thereby frequency shift the input signal.
2. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the first shunt element is coupled between different baluns.
3. The mixer of claim 2 , wherein the different baluns comprise a local oscillator (LO) balun and an input signal balun.
4. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the first shunt element is a shunt resistor.
5. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the switching circuit elements are diodes.
6. The mixer of claim 5 , wherein the diodes comprise GaAs diodes.
7. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of switching circuit elements are field effect transistors (FETs), and wherein the first shunt element is coupled between a source and a drain of the first switching circuit element.
8. The mixer of claim 1 , further comprising at least one series resistor coupled in series with the first switching circuit element in the ring.
9. The mixer of claim 1 , further comprising at least one shunt element coupled between a differential local oscillator (LO) node and ground.
10. A mixer comprising:
diodes comprising a first diode and a second diode; and
linear circuit elements comprising a first linear element and a second linear element,
wherein the first linear element is coupled in parallel with the first diode and the second linear element is coupled in parallel with the second diode,
wherein the diodes are switched on and switched off based at least in part on a local oscillator signal received by the diodes, and
wherein the mixer is configured to mix an input signal with the local oscillator signal to thereby frequency shift the input signal.
11. The mixer of claim 10 , wherein the diodes are arranged in a ring.
12. The mixer of claim 10 , wherein the first linear element causes the linearity of the first diode to be increased.
13. The mixer of claim 10 , further comprising at least one series linear circuit element coupled in series with the first diode.
14. The mixer of claim 13 , wherein the at least one series linear circuit element is a resistor.
15. The mixer of claim 10 , wherein the first linear element is a shunt resistor.
16. The mixer of claim 10 , further comprising at least one termination resistor coupled between a differential local oscillator (LO) node and ground.
17. The mixer of claim 10 , wherein the diodes comprise a Schottky diode.
18. A mixer comprising:
diodes arranged in a ring;
resistors, each of which is arranged in parallel with a respective diode of the diodes arranged in the ring;
a first balun configured to receive a local oscillator signal, the first balun being electrically coupled to a first node between two of the diodes arranged in the ring;
a second balun configured to receive an input signal, the second balun being electrically coupled to a second node between one of the two diodes and another of the diodes arranged in the ring,
wherein the mixer is configured to mix the input signal with the local oscillator signal to thereby frequency shift the input signal, and
wherein the diodes arranged in the ring and the resistors are implemented on a single die.
19. The mixer of claim 18 , wherein each of the resistors has a corresponding resistance in a range from 500Ω to 20 kΩ.
20. The mixer of claim 18 , wherein at least one resistor is coupled between the first node and ground.