Compositions and methods for reducing major adverse cardiovascular events
The present application relates to compositions, kits, uses, systems and methods of using naltrexone and bupropion, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes or events, including Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) in subjects, preferably those at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes or MACE, that may be overweight or obese. The present application also relates to compositions, kits, uses, systems and methods of using naltrexone and bupropion or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for treatment of overweight or obesity in subjects, preferably at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes or MACE, wherein the treatment reduces the risk of MACE.
1. A method of reducing risk of cardiovascular death in a subject at increased risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), the method comprising administering to said subject a daily dose of 4-50 mg of sustained release naltrexone, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and 50-400 mg of bupropion, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for a period of at least 1 week, wherein said administering reduces the risk of cardiovascular death compared to administration of a placebo.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has one or more of the following characteristics at the time of treatment: Type II diabetes; existing cardiovascular disease or a high likelihood of cardiovascular disease; congestive heart failure; family history of cardiovascular disease; current smoker; genetically predisposed to cardiovascular diseases; has or has had cardiac arrhythmia; has or has had atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, or tachyarrhythmia; does not have sinus tachycardia; has unstable angina; has hypertension; has had a stroke or is at increased risk of stroke; has an aneurysm; or has elevated triglycerides, elevated LDL, and/or low HDL.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the subject has either a confirmed diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or a high likelihood of cardiovascular disease, and wherein said subject has at least one of: a history of documented myocardial infarction >3 months prior to said identifying; a history of coronary revascularization; a history of carotid or peripheral revascularization; angina with ischemic changes; ECG changes on a graded exercise test; positive cardiac imaging study; ankle brachial index <0.9 within 2 years prior to said identifying; or >50% stenosis of a coronary artery, carotid artery, or lower extremity artery within 2 years prior to treatment.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is obese or overweight.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is not obese or overweight.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method increases the time until first incidence of one or more events selected from the group consisting of: MACE, Four-point Expanded MACE, Five-point Expanded MACE, CV death, nonfatal Ml, stroke, fatal stroke, nonfatal stroke, Nonfatal HUSA (hospitalization due to unstable angina), coronary revascularization procedure, and/or all-cause mortality.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduction in risk of a cardiac death is achieved and the subject has not lost more than 5% of their body weight.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or both of naltrexone and bupropion, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered in a sustained release formulation.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said an amount of naltrexone and bupropion is a daily dose of 32 mg of sustained release naltrexone, and 360 mg of sustained release bupropion, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said naltrexone and bupropion are administered in a single oral dosage form.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is treated for at least 16 weeks.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has had one or more of the following characteristics: (a) a myocardial infarction within 3 months prior treatment with the method; (b) a history of angina pectoris Grade III or Grade IV as per the Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading scheme; (c) a history of cerebrovascular disease; (d) a history of stroke; (e) a history of tachycardia other than sinus tachycardia; (f) a planned bariatric surgery, cardiac surgery, or coronary angioplasty; (g) a history of seizures, cranial trauma, or a condition that predisposes the subject to seizures; (h) a history of mania, current diagnosis of active psychosis, current diagnosis of active bulimia, or current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa; or (i) a condition with life expectancy less than 4 years.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the naltrexone and bupropion is administered one, two, three, or four times a day.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is not concurrently taking a statin.