Surface treatment method and device treated thereby
A surface treatment method includes: contacting a substrate with a treatment material, the substrate comprising a metallic element, the treatment material comprising an alkaline earth metal element, an alkali metal element, or any combination thereof; and forming on the substrate a surface layer comprising a first oxide of the alkaline earth metal element, the alkali metal element, or any combination thereof and a second oxide of the metallic element. A device has: a substrate layer comprising a metallic element; and a surface layer comprising a first oxide of an alkaline earth metal element, an alkali metal element, or any combination thereof, and a second oxide of the metallic element.
1. A surface treatment method, the method comprising:
contacting a substrate with a treatment material, the substrate comprising a metallic element, the treatment material comprising an alkaline earth metal element, an alkali metal element, or any combination thereof; and
forming on the substrate a surface layer comprising a first oxide of the alkaline earth metal element or the alkali metal element, and a second oxide of the metallic element, wherein the treatment material comprises a perovskite material, ceria or barium carbonate, wherein the treatment material is sintered before contacting the substrate, wherein the step of forming is at a temperature in a range from 600° C. to 1400° C. in the presence of nitrogen and steam, and comprising the step of:
separating the treatment material from the substrate after the step of forming, wherein the treatment material is separated from the substrate, the substrate having a substrate layer, and the surface layer is present on the substrate layer.
2. The surface treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises an alloy.
3. The surface treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material is of formula AaBbO3-δ, wherein
0.9<a≤1.2;
0.9<b≤1.2;
0.5<δ< 0 . 5 ;
A comprises a first element and optionally a second element, the first element is selected from calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb) and any combination thereof, the second element is selected from yttrium (Y), bismuth (Bi), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu) and any combination thereof; and
B is selected from silver (Ag), gold (Au), cadmium (Cd), cerium (Ce), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), ferrum (Fe), gallium (Ga), gadolinium (Gd), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), osmium (Os), palladium (Pd), promethium (Pm), praseodymium (Pr), platinum (Pt), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), antimony (Sb), scandium (Sc), samarium (Sm), tin (Sn), tantalum (Ta), terbium (Tb), technetium (Tc), titanium (Ti), thulium (Tm), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), yttrium (Y), ytterbium (Yb), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), and any combination thereof.
4. The surface treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite material comprises BaCe0.7Zr0.3O3.
5. The surface treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the surface layer is different from the substrate layer in compositions thereof.
6. The surface treatment method of claim 1 , wherein a gradient exists between the surface layer and the substrate layer.