Negative electrode material for secondary battery and secondary battery using the same
Alloy particles for negative electrode active material are proposed, which can impart anti-oxidation property to Si-containing alloy particles, and suppress oxidation of the negative electrode active material due to electrolyte at a considerably high level. A negative electrode material of secondary battery is achieved by a negative electrode material of secondary battery which is capable of intercalating and de-intercalating lithium and which consists of alloy particles including a silicon phase, a metal phase and bismuth, in which a crystallite size of the silicon phase is 10 nm or smaller, and the metal phase includes at least one kind of metal alloying with silicon but not with lithium, and the negative electrode material includes primary particles formed at least by the silicon and the metals.
1. A negative electrode material for a secondary battery capable of intercalating and de-intercalating lithium, wherein the negative electrode material comprises alloy particles, the alloy particles including a silicon phase, a metal phase, and bismuth,
wherein the silicon phase has a crystallite size of 10 nm or smaller,
the metal phase includes at least one kind of metal alloying with silicon but not with lithium.
2. The negative electrode material according to claim 1 , further comprising granulated alloy particles, wherein the alloy particles have an average particle diameter of 0.01 μm to 1 μm and the
granulated alloy particles are in a granule form granulated from the alloy particles, and have an average particle diameter of 0.1 μm to 20 μm and
the granulated alloy particles have an aspect ratio of 5 or lower.
3. The negative electrode material according to claim 1 , wherein the alloy particles include a portion in which the silicon is in an intermetallic compound with the at least one kind of metal, and a portion in which the silicon is present as a silicon single substance, and
no peak is observed at (111) plane of the silicon obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement, and all the crystallite sizes of the alloy particles on the rest of the planes as calculated by diffraction spectra are 30 nm or smaller.
4. The negative electrode material of claim 1 , wherein a content of the bismuth included in the alloy particles is 5 wt % or lower.
5. The negative electrode material of claim 1 , wherein a content of the silicon included in the alloy particles is 40 wt % or higher.
6. The negative electrode material of claim 1 , wherein the alloy particles are present in an amorphous or a microcrystalline state.
7. A negative electrode for a secondary battery comprising the negative electrode material as set forth in claim 1 .
8. A secondary battery, comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a separator, wherein the negative electrode is as set forth in claim 7 .
9. The secondary battery of claim 8 , wherein the secondary battery is a lithium secondary battery.
10. A fabricating method of the negative electrode material for a secondary battery as set forth in claim 1 , the fabricating method comprising:
preparing silicon, at least one kind of metal alloying with the silicon but not with lithium, and bismuth;
forming at least the silicon and the at least one kind of metal into a master alloy, and
forming alloy particles including a silicon phase, a metal phase, and bismuth, having a crystallite size of 10 nm or smaller, by subjecting the master alloy to mechanical alloying.
11. The fabricating method of claim 10 , wherein the bismuth is added during forming of the master alloy and/or performing of the mechanical alloying.