Moving basal engine for a fluid delivery device

1. A fluid delivery device comprising:

a housing including a fluid reservoir for containing medicament, the fluid reservoir being sealed proximate one end with a sliding seal piston;

a delivery path configured to fluidly couple the fluid reservoir and a patient wearing the fluid delivery device;

a basal actuator slidingly coupled to an inside surface of the fluid reservoir and configured to directly or indirectly move the sliding seal piston in the fluid reservoir at a controlled basal rate; and

a bolus actuator coupled to a proximal end of the basal actuator and configured to move the basal actuator relative to the fluid reservoir and move the sliding seal piston in the fluid reservoir a discrete bolus amount at a time,

wherein the basal actuator is contained within the bolus actuator, and

wherein the basal actuator includes a reservoir containing a hydraulic fluid under pressure from a stored energy source, the reservoir of the basal actuator including an aperture configured to release the hydraulic fluid at a rate determined by the force of the stored energy source, the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid and the geometry of the aperture.

2. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic fluid that is released by the reservoir of the basal actuator presses on the sliding seal piston.

3. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the stored energy source includes one or more springs.

4. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the stored energy source includes a compressed gas or a combustible material to create a compressed gas.

5. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the basal actuator includes an electrochemical device that expands in at least one dimension while being charged or discharged.

6. The fluid delivery device of claim 5 , wherein the electrochemical device is connected to a circuit to control the charge or discharge rate.

7. The fluid delivery device of claim 5 , wherein the electrochemical device is connected to a circuit for user interface and device function,

wherein the circuit is powered by the discharge of the electrochemical device.

8. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the sliding seal piston is in contact with the basal actuator and the medicament.

9. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the basal actuator includes the sliding seal piston.

10. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the basal actuator includes a sliding seal, the sliding seal being in contact with the hydraulic fluid that is in contact with the sliding seal piston.

11. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes an adhesive patch configured to be adhered to a skin surface of a patient.

12. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the delivery path includes a needle.

13. The fluid delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the bolus actuator includes a plunger.

14. The fluid delivery device of claim 13 , wherein the plunger includes a rack coupled to a pawl.

15. A method of using a fluid delivery device having a housing including a fluid reservoir configured to contain medicament, the fluid reservoir being sealed proximate one end with a sliding seal piston, a delivery path configured to fluidly couple the fluid reservoir and a patient wearing the fluid delivery device, a basal actuator within the housing and including an electrochemical device, and a bolus actuator coupled to a proximal end of the basal actuator, the method comprising the steps of:

expanding the electrochemical device by charging or discharging the electrochemical device to move the sliding seal piston in the fluid reservoir at a controlled basal rate; and

selectively sliding the basal actuator relative to the fluid reservoir and the housing to move the sliding seal piston in the fluid reservoir a discrete bolus amount at a time.