Thin-film devices and fabrication
Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations.
1. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device laminate, the method comprising:
a) receiving a first substrate, wherein the first substrate is a tempered glass lite between about 2 mm thick and about 25 mm thick;
b) laminating a second substrate to the first substrate to form a laminate using a silicone based lamination adhesive capable of withstanding temperatures of between about 300° C. and 450° C., wherein the second substrate is a thin flexible low-sodium annealed glass; and
c) fabricating an electrochromic device on the outward facing surface of the thin flexible low-sodium annealed glass of the laminate, wherein the electrochromic device is solid state and inorganic.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate is larger than the first substrate and b) further comprises registering the first and second substrates so they are centered with each other on both X and Y axes, so that after b) there is an overhang of the second substrate about the perimeter of the first substrate.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first substrate is between about 30 cm and about 300 cm on its largest dimension, and the second substrate is a ribbon between about ½ m and about 3 m wide and between about 10 m and about 300 m long.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein a plurality of the first substrates are laminated to the second substrate in b).
5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising cutting the excess of the second substrate from about the perimeter of the laminate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second substrate's lamination surfaces are coextensive.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate is set back from the first substrate about the perimeter of the laminate.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein cutting the excess of the second substrate from the perimeter of the laminate comprises using at least one of laser cutting, electrothermal cutting and mechanical cutting.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying an edge treatment to the perimeter of the second substrate to protect the edge.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the edge treatment comprises application of an edge adhesive.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the edge treatment comprises an edge grind and/or polish.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the edge treatment comprises both an edge grind and application of an edge adhesive.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the edge adhesive is an epoxy or a silicone based adhesive.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the edge adhesive comprises a low viscosity so as to penetrate and seal microcracks and defects in the glass edge.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein application of an edge adhesive is a two-part application of the low viscosity portion, and application of a more viscous portion thereafter.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the edge treatment comprises heating the edge to melt an outer portion so as to reduce or eliminate microcracks and defects in the edge.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein the edge treatment comprises application of a laser to remove defect portions of the edge and/or bevel the edge.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cleaning the laminate between b) and c).
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a top coat to the solid state and inorganic electrochromic device of the laminate after c).
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising fabricating an insulated glass unit from the laminate, wherein the electrochromic device is within the sealed volume of the insulated glass unit.
21. An electrochromic device laminate comprising:
i) a first substrate comprising a material selected from the group consisting of a tempered glass, a heat strengthened glass, a chemically strengthened glass and a polymer;
ii) a second substrate laminated to the first substrate, wherein the second substrate is a low-sodium annealed glass;
iii) a lamination adhesive between the first and second substrates, the lamination adhesive capable of withstanding temperatures of between about 300° C. and 450° C.; and
iv) an electrochromic device on the outward facing surface of the second substrate.
22. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the second substrate is between about 0.5 mm and about 2.0 mm thick.
23. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the second substrate is less than 0.3 mm thick.
24. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the second substrate is less 0.2 mm thick.
25. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the second substrate is less than 0.1 mm thick.
26. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the electrochromic device is a solid state and inorganic electrochromic device.
27. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the first substrate is a tempered glass lite.
28. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 27 , wherein the tempered glass lite is between about 2 mm and about 25 mm thick.
29. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the second substrate is larger than the first substrate such that there is an overhang of the second substrate about the perimeter of the first substrate.
30. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the second substrate is set back from the first substrate about the perimeter of the laminate.
31. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 , wherein the perimeter of the second substrate comprises an edge treatment.
32. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 31 , wherein the edge treatment comprises an edge adhesive.
33. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 31 , wherein the edge treatment comprises an edge grind and/or polish.
34. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 31 , wherein the edge treatment comprises both an edge grind and an edge adhesive.
35. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 32 , wherein the edge adhesive is an epoxy or a silicone based adhesive.
36. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 35 , wherein the edge adhesive comprises a low viscosity so as to penetrate and seal microcracks and defects in the glass edge.
37. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 31 , wherein the edge treatment comprises a melted portion of the second substrate about the perimeter of the second substrate.
38. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 31 , wherein the edge treatment comprises laser treatment remove defect portions of the edge and/or bevel the edge.
39. The electrochromic device laminate of claim 26 , further comprising a top coat applied to the solid state and inorganic electrochromic device.
40. An insulated glass unit comprising the electrochromic device laminate of claim 21 .