Flow battery with rotationally symmetric manifold plates
A flow battery includes a stack of manifold plates that define first and second exclusive flow circuits through the stack between first and second stack inlets and first and second stack outlets. The manifold plates each include a frame that extends around a flow field of an electrochemically active area, with a plurality of port through-holes in the frame. The through-holes are arranged in a rotationally symmetric pattern about a center of the respective manifold plate.
1. A flow battery comprising:
a stack of manifold plates defining first and second exclusive flow circuits through the stack between first and second stack inlets and first and second stack outlets, the manifold plates each including a frame that extends around a flow field of an electrochemically active area, with a plurality of port through-holes in the frame, the plurality of port through-holes being arranged in a rotationally symmetric pattern about a center of the respective manifold plate, wherein the manifold plates each include an inlet manifold and an exit manifold bordering the flow field, the inlet manifold and the exit manifold fluidly connected with respective ones of the port through-holes of the respective manifold plate.
2. The flow battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inlet manifold and the exit manifold are on opposed sides of the flow field.
3. The flow field as recited in claim 2 , wherein a portion of the manifold plates are stacked together in a first group and another portion of the manifold plates are stacked together in a second group that is angularly offset from an orientation of the first group.
4. The flow battery as recited in claim 3 , wherein the manifold plates of the second group are angularly offset by 90 degrees from the manifold plates of the first group.
5. The flow battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of port through-holes are arranged in a rotationally symmetric pattern by 90 degrees.
6. The flow battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the frame has a square periphery and circumscribes a square interior opening, each of the manifold plates including eight of the port through-holes distributed such that there is two port through-holes in each of four sides of the frame.
7. The flow battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the manifold plates are formed of a non-electrically conductive material.
8. The flow battery as recited in claim 1 , further including a supply/storage system external of the stack, the supply/storage system including at least one vessel fluidly connected with the stack; and
fluid electrolytes in the supply/storage system, at least one of the fluid electrolytes being an ionically-conductive fluid.
9. A method of assembling a stack for a flow battery, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of manifold plates, each manifold plate including a frame that extends around a flow field of an electrochemically active area, with a plurality of port through-holes in the frame, the plurality of port through-holes being arranged in a rotationally symmetric pattern about a center of the respective manifold plate; and
stacking together a first group of the manifold plates in a common first orientation and stacking together a second group of the manifold plates in a common second orientation that is angularly offset from the first orientation, the first and second groups together providing a stack defining first and second exclusive flow circuits through the stack between first and second stack inlets and first and second stack outlets; and
wherein the manifold plates each include an inlet manifold and an exit manifold bordering the flow field, the inlet manifold and an exit manifold fluidly connected with a portion of the port through-holes of the respective manifold plate.
10. The method as recited in claim 9 , wherein the inlet manifold and the exit manifold are on opposed sides of the flow field.
11. The flow battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inlet manifold and the exit manifold are fluidly connected with a respective ones of the port through-hoes via manifold passages.
12. The flow battery as recited in claim 11 , wherein the inlet manifold, the exit manifold, and the manifold passages extend only partially through a thickness of the manifold plate.
13. The flow battery as recited in claim 12 , wherein the port through-holes extend through the entire thickness of the manifold plate.
14. The flow battery of claim 4 , wherein the angular offset of the first group from the second group provides the first and second exclusive flow circuits.
15. The flow battery of claim 14 further comprising a first flow in the first exclusive flow circuit, the first flow transported over the flow fields of the manifold plates in the first group of manifold plates but not over the flow fields of the manifold plates in the second group of manifold plates due to the angular offset.
16. The flow battery of claim 15 , wherein the first flow is transported over the flow fields of the manifold plates in the first group of manifold plates via the inlet manifolds in the first group of manifold plates.
17. The flow battery of claim 15 further comprising a second flow in the second exclusive flow circuit, the second flow transported over the flow fields of the manifold plates in the second group of manifold plates but not over the flow fields of the manifold plates in the first group of manifold plates due to the angular offset.
18. The flow battery of claim 17 , wherein the second flow is transported over the flow fields of the manifold plates in the second group of manifold plates via the inlet manifolds in the second group of manifold plates.
19. The flow battery of claim 1 , wherein the inlet manifold is configured to provide a flow to the flow field.
20. The flow battery of claim 9 , wherein the manifold plates of the second group are angularly offset by 90 degrees from the manifold plates of the first group.