DNA vector and transformed tumor cell vaccines
Customized whole cell cancer vaccines can be produced from autologous (ex vivo or in situ) or allogeneic human or veterinary patient cell lines. Cells are transformed with S. pyogenes DNA that expresses an Emm protein on the cell surface and cytosol. Treatment of cancer patients with an Emm vector vaccine induces an immunologic response to the cancer by enhancing immunogenicity of a tumor. Emm vaccines can be used in patients where the cancer is not identified due to lower tumor burden or used to treat a specific cancer and subsequently treat for a second type that may have arisen through metastasis.
1. A method for treating a cancer patient comprising introducing a promoter within a plasmid DNA vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:1 operatively linked to a promoter that transforms tumor cells in vivo when introduced directly into a tumor or tumor draining lymph node of a cancer patient.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasmid DNA vector expresses an immunogenic polypeptide on the surface of the tumor or tumor draining lymph node.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence of the plasmid DNA has the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expressed immunogenic polypeptide has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer patient is treated by radiation or chemotherapy prior to or concurrently with administration of the vector.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer patient is treated by checkpoint inhibitor therapy prior to or concurrently with administration of the plasmid DNA vector.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tumor is a carcinoma, sarcoma, myeloma, lymphoma, or leukemia.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein introduction into the tumor or tumor draining lymph node is by needle or needleless injection.
9. A method for treating a cancer patient having at least one cancer comprising administering a vaccine comprising tumor cells transformed in vitro with a plasmid DNA vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 1 operatively linked to a promoter, said transformed cells expressing an immunogenic polypeptide on the cell surface which induces an immunogenic effect upon in vivo administration.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the tumor cells are from two or more different cancer cell lines.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the cell lines are from same or different cancers selected from carcinoma, sarcoma, myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia or mixed.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein treatment of the cancer patient is by intradermal, subcutaneous, intravenous or intranodal administration.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein treatment of the cancer patient is by radiation or chemotherapy prior to or concurrently with administration of the vaccine.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cancer patient is treated by checkpoint inhibitor therapy prior to or concurrently with administration of the vaccine.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein administration of the vaccine is by needle or needleless injection.