Method and compositions for detecting an adenoma-adenocarcinoma transition in cancer
Methods and kits for detecting alternating spatial expression of PTEN and, optionally, SMAD4, CD44, and/or TP53 in colonic tumors are described. The methods and kits are useful for identifying a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like zone within a colonic tumor, identifying an adenoma-adenocarcinoma (Ad-ACA) transition zone in a colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor, identifying a CRC tumor that contains high-grade adenoma and/or early adenocarcinoma regions, identifying CSCs in a CRC tumor, diagnosing a subject with high-grade colon adenoma and/or early adenocarcinoma, and determining the likelihood that a colonic tumor in a subject will undergo invasive transformation if left untreated.
1. A method for isolating a cancer stem cell (CSC) in a colonic tumor, comprising
a. contacting one or more tissue sections of a colonic tumor sample with an antibody that specifically binds to PTEN and an antibody that specifically binds to SMAD4,
b. detecting the presence or absence of an alternating spatial pattern of PTEN expression and an alternating spatial pattern of SMAD4 expression, and
c. identifying the presence of CSCs in the colonic tumor where the alternating spatial pattern of PTEN expression and the alternating spatial pattern of SMAD4 expression are detected or identifying the absence of CSCs in the colonic tumor when the alternating spatial pattern of PTEN expression and the alternating spatial pattern of SMAD4 expression are not detected; and
d. isolating one or more identified CSCs from the tissue section.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising detecting the zonal variation of expression of at least one additional marker selected from the group consisting of: ALDH1, beta-catenin, CD44, EZH2, Ki-67, MGMT, MYC, RelA/p65, and TP53.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the zonal variation of expression of the at least one additional marker is an alternating spatial pattern of TP53 expression in the colonic tumor.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the zonal variation of expression of the at least one additional marker is a CD44 expression that is downregulated and redistributed to the basal epithelium border in areas where PTEN protein expression is absent.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the zonal variation of expression of the at least one additional marker is beta-catenin nuclear translocation in tumor cells.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the nuclear beta-catenin expression is correlated with PTEN expression.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the assayed TP53 expression is protein expression and the assaying comprises performing immunohistochemistry on a tissue section of the colonic tumor sample with an antibody that specifically binds to the assayed protein.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating spatial pattern of SMAD4 expression is inversely correlated with the alternating spatial pattern of PTEN expression.
9. A method for isolating a CSC from a colonic tumor, comprising
a. assaying a colonic tumor sample for spatial patterns of PTEN expression in one or more colonic tumor tissue sections,
b. detecting an alternating spatial pattern of PTEN expression in the one or more colonic tumor tissue sections,
c. identifying a CSC-like region of the one or more tissue sections where the alternating spatial pattern of PTEN expression is detected, and
d. isolating one or more CSCs from the identified CSC-like region.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising assaying the colonic tumor sample for spatial patterns of SMAD4 expression in the one or more colonic tumor tissue sections and detecting an alternating pattern of SMAD4 expression in the one or more colonic tumor tissue sections, wherein the alternating spatial pattern of SMAD4 expression is inversely correlated with the alternating spatial pattern of PTEN expression.
11. A method for isolating a CSC from a colonic tumor, comprising
a. assaying a colonic tumor sample for spatial patterns of SMAD4 expression in a colonic tumor tissue section,
b. detecting an alternating spatial pattern of SMAD4 expression in the colonic tumor tissue section,
c. identifying a CSC-like region of the tissue section where the alternating spatial pattern of SMAD4 expression is detected, and
d. isolating one or more CSCs from the identified CSC-like region.
12. A kit for identifying an adenoma-adenocarcinoma transition region in a colonic tumor sample, consisting of: an antibody that specifically binds to PTEN, an antibody that specifically binds to SMAD4, and one or more antibodies from the group consisting of an antibody that specifically binds to TP53, an antibody that specifically binds to CD44, an antibody that specifically binds to beta catenin, an antibody that specifically binds to EZH2, an antibody that specifically binds to MYC, and an antibody that specifically binds to RelA/p65.
13. The kit of claim 12 , consisting of: an antibody that specifically binds to PTEN, an antibody that specifically binds to SMAD4, an antibody that specifically binds to TP53, and an antibody that specifically binds to CD44.
14. The kit of claim 12 , consisting of: an antibody that specifically binds to PTEN, an antibody that specifically binds to SMAD4, and at least one antibody selected from the group consisting of an antibody that specifically binds to beta catenin, an antibody that specifically binds to EZH2, an antibody that specifically binds to MYC, and an antibody that specifically binds to RelA/p65.