Load control system for device to device discovery signal transmissions

1. A method, comprising:

determining, by a user equipment, a first classification of the user equipment according to desired or allowed transmission probability;

configuring, by the user equipment a transmission probability based on the first classification;

operating the user equipment based on the transmission probability;

changing the first classification; and

adjusting, by the user equipment, the transmission probability based on the changed first classification and at least partially load,

wherein the first classification is determined as at least one of that the user equipment operates at a minimum level regardless of a mean probability of transmission probabilities of a plurality of user equipments, that the user equipment adjusts transmission to the mean probability, or that the user equipment operates at a maximum level regardless the mean probability.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: indicating the first classification when reporting load.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmission probability is determined by P_tx(k+1)=P_tx(k)+C_load*(optimal_load−estimated_load(k))+C_p*(max(P_privileged_target,mean_P_tx(k)))−P_tx(k)) and P_tx(k+1)=P_target, if P_tx(k+1)>P_target, wherein P_tx(k) is the transmission probability for the kth time resource, C_load is a coefficient for adjusting P_tx according to the load, C_p is a coefficient for adjusting P_tx according to the mean observed P_tx, optimal_load is the optimal load for the system, estimated_load is the user equipment's estimate on the load, P_privileged_target is larger than zero if the user equipment has been given a target P_tx value that the user equipment can maintain even if the target P_tx is larger than the mean broadcasted P_tx in the system, mean_P_tx(k) is the mean of the P_tx values that are broadcasted by the other user equipments, and P_target is the transmission probability with which the user equipment is satisfied.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

broadcasting a transmission probability if the user equipment is set to adjust the transmission probability to the mean probability.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving a transmission probability of at least one other user equipment; and

determining whether to take the transmission probability into account when determining a mean transmission probability, based on a classification of the at least one other user equipment.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining a mean of transmission probabilities of a plurality of user equipment; and

determining whether to adjust the transmission probability based on the mean, based in part on the first classification.

7. An apparatus, comprising:

at least one processor; and

at least one memory including computer program code,

wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to

determine a first classification of the apparatus according to desired or allowed transmission probability;

configure a transmission probability based on the first classification;

operate based on the transmission probability;

change the first classification; and

adjust the transmission probability based on the changed first classification and at least partially load,

wherein the first classification is determined as at least one of that the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to operate at a minimum level regardless of a mean probability of transmission probabilities of a plurality of user equipments, adjust transmission to the mean probability, or operate at a maximum level regardless the mean probability.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to

determine a mean of transmission probabilities of a plurality of user equipments; and

determine whether to adjust the transmission probability based on the mean, based in part on the first classification.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to indicate the first classification when reporting load.

10. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the transmission probability is determined by

P_tx(k+1)=P_tx(k)+C_load*(optimal_load−estimated_load(k))+C_p*(max(P_privileged_target, mean_P_tx(k)))−P_tx(k))

and

P_tx(k+1)=P_target, if P_tx(k+1)>P_target,

wherein P_tx(k) is the transmission probability for the kth time resource, C_load is a coefficient for adjusting P_tx according to the load, C_p is a coefficient for adjusting P_tx according to the mean observed P_tx, optimal_load is the optimal load for the system, estimated_load is the user apparatus' estimate on the load, P_privileged_target is larger than zero if the apparatus has been given a target P_tx value that the apparatus can maintain even if the target P_tx is larger than the mean broadcasted P_tx in the system, mean_P_tx(k) is the mean of the P_tx values that are broadcasted by the other user equipments, and P_target is the transmission probability with which the apparatus is satisfied.

11. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to broadcast a transmission probability if the apparatus is set to adjust the transmission probability to the mean probability.

12. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to

receive a transmission probability of at least one other user equipment; and

determine whether to take the transmission probability into account when determining a mean transmission probability, based on a classification of the at least one other user equipment.

13. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to

determine a mean of transmission probabilities of a plurality of user equipment; and

determine whether to adjust the transmission probability based on the mean, based in part on the first classification.

14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed in hardware, perform a process, the process comprising:

determining, at a user equipment, a first classification of the user equipment according to desired or allowed transmission probability;

configuring, at the user equipment, a transmission probability based on the first classification;

operating the user equipment based on the transmission probability;

changing the first classification; and

adjusting, at the user equipment, the transmission probability based on the changed first classification and at least partially load,

wherein the first classification is determined as at least one of that the user equipment operates at a minimum level regardless of a mean probability of transmission probabilities of a plurality of user equipments, that the user equipment adjusts transmission to the mean probability, or that the user equipment operates at a maximum level regardless the mean probability.

15. A computer program embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:

determine, at a user equipment, a first classification of the user equipment according to desired or allowed transmission probability;

configure, at the user equipment, a transmission probability based on the first classification;

operate the user equipment based on the transmission probability;

change the first classification; and

adjust, at the user equipment, the transmission probability based on the changed first classification and at least partially load,

wherein the first classification is determined as at least one of that the user equipment operates at a minimum level regardless of a mean probability of transmission probabilities of a plurality of user equipments, that the user equipment adjusts transmission to the mean probability, or that the user equipment operates at a maximum level regardless the mean probability.