Combination of controlled and uncontrolled seismic data
The present disclosure includes a method for combining controlled and uncontrolled seismic data. The method includes accessing one or more controlled signals, each controlled signal associated with a respective receiver of a plurality of receivers. The method also includes accessing one or more uncontrolled signals, each uncontrolled signal associated with a respective receiver of the plurality of receivers. The method also includes generating one or more reconstructed signals based on the one or more uncontrolled signals. The method also includes generating a composite image based at least on the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals. The present disclosure may also include associated systems and apparatuses.
1. A method of seismic exploration of a subsurface formation, the method comprising:
accessing one or more controlled signals, each controlled signal being detected by receivers disposed and configured to detect seismic signals emerging from the subsurface formation;
accessing one or more uncontrolled signals detected by the receivers, the uncontrolled signals having a different frequency content than the controlled signals;
generating one or more reconstructed signals based on the one or more uncontrolled signals; and
generating a composite image of the subsurface formation based at least on the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals by
generating a first seismic image based at least on the one or more controlled signals;
generating a second seismic image based at least on the one or more reconstructed signals; and
generating the composite image based at least on the first and second seismic images.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the composite image comprises performing one of the following operations on the first and second seismic images:
an averaging operation;
a median operation; and
a summation operation.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the composite image comprises performing a migration of the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the migration uses one of the following migration processes:
Kirchhoff migration;
F-K migration;
F-X migration;
controlled beam migration; or
reverse time migration.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the one or more reconstructed signals comprises performing interferometry processing techniques on the one or more uncontrolled signals.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average amplitude of the one or more uncontrolled signals below a threshold frequency is greater than the average amplitude of the one or more controlled signals below the threshold frequency.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein amplitudes of the uncontrolled signals at frequencies less than 20 Hz are larger than amplitudes of the controlled signals the frequencies less than 20 Hz.
8. A system for seismic exploration of a subsurface formation, the system comprising:
a plurality of controlled sources;
a plurality of receivers disposed and configured to detect seismic signals emerging from the subsurface formation; and
a computer system configured to:
access one or more controlled signals detected by the receivers and associated with a controlled seismic wave generated by one or more of the controlled sources;
access one or more uncontrolled signals detected by the receivers, the uncontrolled signals having a different frequency content than the controlled signals;
generate one or more reconstructed signals based on the one or more uncontrolled signals; and
generate a composite image of the subsurface formation based at least on the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals by
generating a first seismic image based at least on the one or more controlled signals;
generating a second seismic image based at least on the one or more reconstructed signals; and
generating the composite image based at least on the first and second seismic images.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the computer system is configured to generate the composite image by performing one of the following operations on the first and second seismic images:
an averaging operation;
a median operation; or
a summation operation.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the computer system is configured to generate the composite image by performing a migration of the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the migration uses one of the following migration processes:
Kirchhoff migration;
F-K migration;
F-X migration;
controlled beam migration; or
reverse time migration.
12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the computer system is configured to generate the one or more reconstructed signals by performing interferometry processing techniques on the one or more uncontrolled signals.
13. The system of claim 8 , wherein the average amplitude of the one or more uncontrolled signals below a threshold frequency is greater than the average amplitude of the one or more controlled signals below the threshold frequency.
14. The system of claim 8 , wherein amplitudes of the uncontrolled signals at frequencies less than 20 Hz are larger than amplitudes of the controlled signals the frequencies less than 20 Hz.
15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing instructions for performing a method of seismic exploration of a subsurface formation, the instructions being operable, when executed by a processor, to:
access one or more controlled signals detected by receivers disposed and configured to detect seismic signals emerging from the subsurface formation;
access one or more uncontrolled signals detected by the receivers, the uncontrolled signals having a different frequency content than the controlled signals;
generate one or more reconstructed signals based on the one or more uncontrolled signals; and
generate a composite image of the subsurface formation based at least on the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals by
generating a first seismic image based at least on the one or more controlled signals;
generating a second seismic image based at least on the one or more reconstructed signals; and
generating the composite image based at least on the first and second seismic images.
16. The medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions are operable to generate the composite image by performing one of the following operations on the first and second seismic images:
an averaging operation;
a median operation; or
a summation operation.
17. The medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions are operable to generate the composite image by performing a migration of the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals.
18. The medium of claim 17 , wherein the migration uses one of the following migration processes:
Kirchhoff migration;
F-K migration;
F-X migration;
controlled beam migration; or
reverse time migration.
19. The medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions are operable to generate the one or more reconstructed signals by performing interferometry processing techniques on the one or more uncontrolled signals.
20. The medium of claim 15 , wherein amplitudes of the uncontrolled signals at frequencies less than 20 Hz are larger than amplitudes of the controlled signals the frequencies less than 20 Hz.