Surface enhanced pulp fibers in fiber cement
The present invention relates to a method of making a fiber-reinforced cementitious composite material which finds widespread applicability in a variety of construction and related applications. The composite comprises cellulosic fibrous material in order to provide the composite with the desired performance characteristics. Notably, at least a portion of the cellulosic fibrous material comprises surfaced enhanced pulp fiber, which desirably enhances the processing characteristics of the material, as well enhancing the characteristics of the finished composite product. The method of making a fiber-reinforced cementitious composite comprising the steps of providing a cementitious composition, and providing cellulosic fibrous material. The present method further includes blending the cementitious composition and the cellulosic fibrous material to form the cementitious composite. The surface enhanced pulp fiber preferably comprises approximately 1-10%, by weight, of the cellulosic fibrous material, and the cellulosic fibrous material exhibits an enhanced Bauer-McNett long fiber fraction. The cellulosic fibrous material preferably exhibits at least a 10% increase in length-weighted average fiber length (LWAFL), in comparison to a cellulosic fibrous material which is devoid of surface enhanced pulp fiber. The cellulosic fibrous material requires relatively reduced refining energy, in comparison to a cellulosic fibrous material which is devoid of surface enhanced pulp fiber, to reach a predetermined freeness CSF (Canadian Standard Freeness) value.
1. A method of making a fiber-reinforced cementitious composite, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a cementitious composition;
providing cellulosic fibrous material; and
blending the cementitious composition and the cellulosic fibrous material to form a cementitious composite,
wherein the cellulosic fibrous material comprises surface enhanced pulp fibers formed from a hardwood, and wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length-weighted average fiber length of at least about 0.2 millimeters, and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least about 10 square meters per gram, wherein the number of surface enhanced pulp fibers is at least 12,000 fibers/milligram on an oven-dry basis.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers comprise approximately 1-10%, by weight, of the cellulosic fibrous material.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material comprises between about 90 to 99%, by weight, softwood pulp fibers, and further comprising co-refining the softwood pulp fibers and the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material comprises about 6% to 10%, by weight, surface enhanced pulp fibers.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the softwood pulp fibers and the surface enhanced pulp fibers are co-refined to a freeness between 450 and 490 Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF).
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material exhibits an enhanced Bauer-McNett long fiber fraction.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material has a Bauer-McNett long fiber fraction that is at least 15% higher than a Bauer-McNett long fiber fraction of a furnish comprising 100% softwood pulp fibers.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material has a length-weighted average fiber length that is at least 10% higher than a length-weighted average fiber length of a cellulosic fibrous material which is devoid of surface enhanced pulp fibers.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein refining is performed such that the cellulosic fibrous material reaches a predetermined freeness using a refining energy that is at least 25% lower than a refining energy required for a cellulosic fibrous material which is devoid of surface enhanced pulp fibers to reach the predetermined freeness.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length-weighted average fiber length of at least about 0.3 millimeters.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length-weighted average fiber length that is at least 60% of the length-weighted average length of the fibers prior surface enhancement by fibrillation, and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area that is at least 4 times greater than the average specific surface area of the fibers prior to fibrillation.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers are refined with an energy input of at least about 300 kilowatt-hours/ton.
13. A fiber-reinforced cementitious composite, comprising:
a blend of a cementitious composition and cellulosic fibrous material,
wherein the cellulosic fibrous material comprises surface enhanced pulp fibers formed from a hardwood, and wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length-weighted average fiber length of at least about 0.2 millimeters, and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least about 10 square meters per gram, wherein the number of surface enhanced pulp fibers is at least 12,000 fibers/milligram on an oven-dry basis.
14. The cementitious composite of claim 13 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers comprise approximately 1-10%, by weight, of the cellulosic fibrous material.
15. The cementitious composite of claim 14 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material comprises between about 90 to 99%, by weight, softwood pulp fibers that are co-refined with the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
16. The cementitious composite of claim 15 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material comprises about 6% to 10%, by weight, surface enhanced pulp fibers.
17. The cementitious composite of claim 16 , wherein the softwood pulp fibers and the surface enhanced pulp fibers are co-refined to a freeness between 450 and 490 Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF).
18. The cementitious composite of claim 14 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material exhibits an enhanced Bauer-McNett long fiber fraction.
19. The cementitious composite of claim 15 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material has a Bauer-McNett long fiber fraction that is at least 15% higher than a Bauer-McNett long fiber fraction of a furnish comprising 100% softwood pulp fibers.
20. The cementitious composite of claim 13 , wherein the cellulosic fibrous material has a length-weighted average fiber length that is at least 10% higher than a length-weighted average fiber length of a cellulosic fibrous material which is devoid of surface enhanced pulp fibers.
21. The cementitious composite of claim 13 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length-weighted average fiber length of at least about 0.3 millimeters.
22. The cementitious composite of claim 13 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length-weighted average fiber length that is at least 60% of the length-weighted average length of the fibers prior surface enhancement by fibrillation, and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area that is at least 4 times greater than the average specific surface area of the fibers prior to fibrillation.
23. The cementitious composite of claim 13 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers are refined with an energy input of at least about 300 kilowatt-hours/ton.