Luminescent hybrid nanomaterials with aggregation induced emission

1. A luminescent hybrid nanomaterial comprising:

at least one inorganic nanomaterial comprising an inorganic first compound;

and

at least one second compound comprising a first aggregation-induced emission moiety,

wherein the at least one second compound is grafted on at least part of a surface of the inorganic first compound, and

wherein the at least one second compound has one of the following structures:

wherein:

M is selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn and Pb;

M′ is selected from the group consisting of P, As, Sb and Bi;

M″ is selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb and Bi;

X is selected from the group comprising H, OH, SH, SeH and TeH, or X is selected from the group comprising OR′, SR′, SeR′ and TeR′,

R′ being a first linker, the first linker comprising a first anchoring group, the first linker being a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1-C20 alkyl group,

the first anchoring group being selected from the group comprising a hydroxyl, thiol, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, cyano, amino, amido, sulfinic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, dithiophosphinic acid, phosphate, phosphoester, phosphothioester, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, phosphine, and silanol group;

Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se and Te;

R1 is selected from the group consisting of a cyano, amino, amido, carboxylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, a C2-C20 alkynyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 alkylthio, C1-C20 alkylamino, C1-C20 alkylamido, C2-C20 heteroalkyl, C1-C20 haloalkyl, C6-C20 aryl, C4-C20 heteroaryl, C7-C20 alkylaryl, C7-C20 arylalkyl, C8-C20 arylalkenyl, C8-C20 arylalkynyl, C6-C20 haloaryl, C2-C20 alkylketone, C2-C20 alkylthione, C2-C20 alkylcarbonate, C2-C20 carboxylic acid ester, C1-C20 alkylsulfinic acid, C1-C20 alkylsulfonic acid, C1-C20 alkylphosphonic acid, C1-C20 alkyldithiophosphinic acid, C1-C20 alkylphosphate, C1-C20 alkylphosphoester, C1-C20 alkylphosphine oxide, and C1-C20 alkylphosphine group; or R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, SeH and TeH, or R1 is selected from the group consisting of OR″, SR″, SeR″ and TeR″, R″ being a second linker comprising a second anchoring group,

the second linker being a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1-C20 alkyl group,

the second anchoring group being selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl, thiol, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, cyano, amino, amido, sulfinic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, dithiophosphinic acid, phosphate, phosphoester, phosphothioester, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, phosphine, and silanol group;

each R2 to R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, nitroxy, nitroso, halide, cyano, isothiocyanato, amino, amido, imino, azido, cyanato, isocyanato, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, a C2-C20 alkynyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 alkylthio, C1-C20 alkylamino, C1-C20 alkylamido, C2-C20 heteroalkyl, C1-C20 haloalkyl, C6-C20 aryl, C4-C20 heteroaryl, C7-C20 alkylaryl, C7-C20 arylalkyl, C8-C20 arylalkenyl, C8-C20 arylalkynyl, C6-C20 haloaryl, C2-C20 alkylketone, C2-C20 alkylthione, C2-C20 alkylcarbonate, carboxylic acid, C2-C20 carboxylic acid ester, sulfinic acid, C1-C20 alkylsulfinyl, sulfonic acid and C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl group.

2. The luminescent hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the first aggregation-induced emission moiety comprises:

a first cyclic conjugated substituent; and

a second substituent conjugated with the first cyclic conjugated substituent.

3. The luminescent hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 2 , wherein the first cyclic conjugated substituent is selected from the group comprising an heterole, and a phenyl group.

4. The luminescent hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 2 , further comprising a restricted intramolecular rotation of the second substituent with respect to the first cyclic conjugated substituent.

5. The luminescent hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 2 , wherein the second substituent is cyclic.

6. The luminescent hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 2 , wherein the first aggregation-induced emission moiety further comprises a first linking moiety selected from the group consisting of an ether, a linear C1-C2 alkyl, C2 alkenyl and C2 alkynyl group, the first linking moiety connecting the first cyclic conjugated substituent to the second substituent.

7. The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein R2 and R3, or R3 and R4, or R4 and R5, or R5 and R6 form together a ring system.

8. The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one second compound has one of the following structures:

9. The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one second compound further comprises a second aggregation-induced emission moiety and/or a third substituent, which is an additional cyclic conjugated moiety, and/or at least one additional substituent selected from the group comprising a solubilizing moiety, a self assembly group, a chiral group, an oligomer and a polymer.

10. A process of manufacture of a luminescent hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1 , the process comprising:

providing the at least one inorganic nanomaterial comprising the inorganic first compound;

providing the at least one second compound; and

contacting the at least one second compound to at least part of the surface of the inorganic first compound, under conditions appropriate to graft or physisorb the at least one second compound on the surface of the inorganic first compound thereby forming the luminescent hybrid nanomaterial.

11. A product comprising the luminescent hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of a thin film, a luminescent solar concentrator, a light-emitting hybrid diode or a light-emitting hybrid field-effect transistor.