Apparatus comprising an antenna array
Apparatus ( 100 ) is described comprising: an antenna array ( 102 1 . . . 102 N ); a plurality of units ( 104 1 . . . 104 N ), each unit configured to mix a radio frequency signal from one or more of the antennas ( 102 ) with oscillating signals having phases defined by a global signal and to provide in-phase and quadrature-phase signals; a constellation rotation system configured to, for each unit, rotate a constellation point associated with the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals by a rotation angle to provide adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals; signal buses ( 106, 107 ) for global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals configured to receive the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals, respectively, from a plurality of the units; a feedback system configured to, for each unit, compare one or more of the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals with one or more of the global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals to determine an error in the rotation angle.
1. Apparatus, comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements,
a plurality of circuit units, each unit configured to mix a radio frequency signal from one or more of the antenna elements with oscillating signals having phases defined by a global reference signal and to provide local in-phase and quadrature-phase signals;
a constellation rotation system configured to, for each unit, rotate a constellation point associated with the local in-phase and quadrature-phase signals by a rotation angle—based on comparison of the local in-phase and quadrature-phase signals with one or more global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals to provide adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals;
signal buses for global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals configured to receive the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals, respectively, from a plurality of the units; and
a feedback system configured to, for each unit, compare one or more of the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals with one or more of the global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals to determine an error in the rotation angle,
wherein said global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals correspond to a superposition of the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals provided by said circuit units.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the feedback system is configured to:
perform at least one of a comparison of the adjusted in-phase signal with the global in-phase signal and a comparison of the adjusted quadrature-phase signal with the global quadrature-phase signal to determine a first parameter indicative of a degree of correlation therebetween;
perform at least one of a comparison of the adjusted in-phase signal with the global quadrature-phase signal and a comparison of the adjusted quadrature-phase signal with global in-phase signal to determine a second parameter indicative of a degree of correlation therebetween; and
determine the error in the rotation angle as a function of the first and second parameters.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the error in the rotation angle is a suitable inverse trigonometric function of a combination of the first and second parameters.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the feedback system is configured to compare the signals using an exclusive-or gate.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals respectively correspond to first and second weighted sums of the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the weights in the first and second weighted sums correspond to suitable trigonometric functions of the rotation angle.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the weights of the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals in the first weighted sum respectively correspond to the cosine of the rotation angle and the sine of the rotation angle, and the weights of the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals in the second weighted sum respectively correspond to minus one multiplied by the sine of the rotation angle and the cosine of the rotation angle.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to selectively provide the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals to the signal buses.
9. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the signal buses carries differential current signals.
10. A method comprising, for each of a plurality of radio signals from antenna elements of an antenna array:
mixing the radio frequency signal with oscillating reference signals having phases defined by a global signal and providing in-phase and quadrature-phase signals;
rotating a constellation point associated with the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals by a rotation angle to provide adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals;
adding the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals to global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals, respectively; and
comparing one or more of the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals with one or more of the global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals to determine an error in the rotation angle.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the comparing comprises:
performing at least one of a comparison of the adjusted in-phase signal with the global in-phase signal and a comparison of the adjusted quadrature-phase signal with global quadrature-phase signal to determine a first parameter indicative of a degree of correlation therebetween;
performing at least one of a comparison of the adjusted in-phase signal with the global quadrature-phase signal and a comparison of the adjusted quadrature-phase signal with global in-phase signal to determine a second parameter indicative of a degree of correlation therebetween; and
determining the error in the rotation angle as a function of the first and second parameters.
12. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the error in the rotation angle is a suitable inverse trigonometric function of a combination of the first and second parameters.
13. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals respectively correspond to first and second weighted sums of the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the weights of the first and second weighted sums correspond to suitable trigonometric functions of the rotation angle.
15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the weights of the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals in the first weighted sum respectively correspond to the cosine of the rotation angle and the sine of the rotation angle, and the weights of the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals in the second weighted sum respectively correspond to minus one multiplied by the sine of the rotation angle and the cosine of the rotation angle.
16. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the adding comprises selectively adding the adjusted in-phase and quadrature-phase signals to the global in-phase and quadrature-phase signals.
17. A method according to claim 10 , comprising determining an initial value of the rotation angle for each of the plurality of radio frequency signals based upon information about a position of a transmission source.