Conductive paste with improved performance in glass strength
Silver pastes including two powders having different physical properties and silver flakes together with glass frits and pigments impart improved thermal stress characteristics to substrates upon firing.
1. A lithium-free conductive paste comprising:
a. 50-90 wt % of a silver component, comprising
i. 10-55 wt % of a first silver powder having a tap density of 0. 3-1.5 g/cc,
ii. 10-35 wt % of a silver flake having a tap density of 3.0-4.5 g/cc, and
iii. 5-30 wt % of a second silver powder having a tap density of 2.0-4.5 g/cc,
b. 2-10 wt % of a glass component, comprising
i. 25-50 wt % Bi 2 O 3 ,
ii. 2-15 wt % ZnO,
iii. 15-45 wt % SiO 2 ,
iv. 5-20 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
v. 1-10 wt % Na 2 O+K 2 O and
vi. 0.1-10 wt % ZrO 2
c. 0.1-5 wt % of a pigment selected from the group consisting of
i. CuCr 2 O 4 ,
ii. (Co,Fe)(Fe,Cr) 2 O 4 , and
iii. (Fe,Co)Fe 2 O 4 , and
d. no lithium.
2. The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the first silver powder has a particle size D 50 of 2-7 microns.
3. The conductive paste of claim 2 , wherein the first silver powder has a particle size D 50 of 2.5-6.5 microns.
4. The conductive paste of claim 2 , wherein the second silver powder has a particle size D 50 of 0.5-2.5 microns.
5. The conductive paste of claim 4 , wherein the second silver powder has a particle size D 50 of 1-2 microns.
6. The conductive paste of claim 4 , wherein the silver flake has a particle size D 50 of 1-4 microns.
7. The conductive paste of claim 6 , wherein the silver flake has a particle size D 50 of 1.3-3.3 microns.
8. The conductive paste of claim 6 , wherein the silver flake has a specific surface area of 0.75-1.5 m 2 /g.
9. The conductive paste of claim 8 , wherein the silver flake has a specific surface area of 0.85-1.35 m 2 /g.
10. The conductive paste of claim 4 , wherein the second silver powder has a specific surface area of 0.25-1.25 m 2 /g.
11. The conductive paste of claim 10 , wherein the second silver powder has a specific surface area of 0.5-1 m 2 /g.
12. The conductive paste of claim 2 , wherein the first silver powder has a specific surface area of 0.5-1.5 m 2 /g.
13. The conductive paste of claim 12 , wherein the first silver powder has a specific surface area of 0.6-1.3 m 2 /g.
14. The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the pigment further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of MnO, Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 4 , CuO, and NiO.
15. The conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein the paste comprises:
a. 55-85 wt % of a silver component, comprising
i. 15-50 wt % silver powder having a tap density of 0.4-1.2 g/cc and a particle size D 50 of 2.5-6.5 microns,
ii. 15-30 wt % of a silver flake having a tap density of 3.2-4.2 g/cc and a particle size D 50 of 1.3-3.3 microns, and
iii. 10-28 wt % of a silver powder having a tap density of 2.6-4.3 g/cc and a particle size D 50 of 1-2 microns,
b. 3-8 wt % of a glass component, comprising
i. 25-50 wt % Bi 2 O 3 ,
ii. 2-15 wt % ZnO,
iii. 15-45 wt % SiO 2 ,
iv. 5-20 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
v. 1-10 wt % Na 2 O+K 2 O and
vi. 0.1-10 wt % ZrO 2
c. 1-2 wt % of a pigment selected from the group consisting of
i. CuCr 2 O 4 ,
ii. (Co,Fe)(Fe,Cr) 2 O 4 , and
iii. (Fe,Co)Fe 2 O 4 , and
d. no lithium.
16. A substrate at least partially covered with a fired paste, wherein the paste is the conductive paste of claim 1 .
17. A method of reducing transient thermal stresses between a coating and a substrate during firing, the method comprising:
a. applying to the substrate a lithium-free conductive paste, the paste comprising:
i. 50-90 wt % of a silver component, comprising:
1. 10-55 wt % of a first silver powder having a tap density of 0. 3-1.5 g/cc,
2. 10-35 wt % of a silver flake having a tap density of 3.0-4.5 g/cc, and
3. 5-30 wt % of a second silver powder having a tap density of 2.0-4.5 g/cc,
ii. 2-10 wt % of a glass component, comprising:
1. 25-50 wt % Bi 2 O 3 ,
2. 2-15 wt % ZnO,
3. 15-45 wt % SiO 2 ,
4. 5-20 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
5. 1-10 wt % Na 2 O+K 2 O and
6. 0.1-10 wt % ZrO 2
iii. 0.1-5 wt % of a pigment selected from the group consisting of
1. CuCr 2 O 4 ,
2. (Co,Fe)(Fe,Cr) 2 O 4 , and
3. (Fe,Co)Fe 2 O 4 , and
iv. no lithium, and
b. firing the paste at a firing temperature and time sufficient to sinter the silver metal and fuse the glass component.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the firing temperature is about 950° F. to about 1400° F.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the firing temperature is about 1200° F. to about 1300° F.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the firing time is about 1 to about 300 seconds.