Antibodies and methods for the detection of cell death
Disclosed herein are antibodies having binding specificity to the amino acid sequences Ala Ser Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:1) and Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:14), and methods of detecting cell death in a sample, comprising contacting the sample with a first antibody specific for a C-terminal amino acid sequence Ala Ser Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:1) or Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:14) of a CK18 protein fragment having a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:2) and a second antibody that specifically binds an epitope that is present in both full-length CK18 and the CK18 protein fragment, and that does not overlap with SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:14, under conditions such that the CK1 8 protein fragment present in the sample specifically binds to the first antibody and the second antibody, wherein one of the antibodies is bound to a solid support and the other antibody is bound to a detection moiety capable of producing a signal; optionally removing any unbound or excess material; and detecting the signal from the detection moiety, wherein the signal is positively correlated with the presence of the CK18 protein fragment in the sample.
1. A method for detecting a cytokeratin 18 (CK18) protein fragment having a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:2) in a sample, comprising:
a) contacting the sample with a first antibody specific for a C-terminal amino acid sequence Ala Ser Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:1) of the CK18 protein fragment, the first antibody comprising a variable region of the heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and a variable region of the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and a second antibody that specifically binds an epitope that is present in both full-length CK18 and the CK18 protein fragment, and that does not overlap with SEQ ID NO:1, under conditions such that the CK18 protein fragment present in the sample specifically binds to the first antibody and the second antibody, wherein one of the antibodies is bound to a solid support and the other antibody is bound to a detection moiety capable of producing a signal;
b) optionally removing any unbound or excess material; and
c) detecting the signal from the detection moiety, wherein the signal is positively correlated with the presence of the CK18 protein fragment in the sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first antibody is directly bound to the solid support.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first antibody is indirectly bound to the solid support by at least one intermediate linker.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second antibody is directly bound to the detection moiety.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second antibody is indirectly bound to the detection moiety by at least one intermediate linker.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first antibody is directly bound to the detection moiety.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first antibody is indirectly bound to the detection moiety by at least one intermediate linker.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second antibody is directly bound to the solid support.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second antibody is indirectly bound to the solid support by at least one intermediate linker.
10. A method for detecting a cytokeratin 18 (CK18) protein fragment having a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:2) in a sample, comprising:
a) contacting the sample with a first antibody specific for a C-terminal amino acid sequence Ala Ser Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:1) of the CK18 protein fragment, the first antibody comprising a variable region of the heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and a variable region of the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and a second antibody that specifically binds an epitope that is present in both full-length CK18 and the CK18 protein fragment, and that does not overlap with SEQ ID NO:1, under conditions such that the CK18 protein fragment present in the sample specifically binds to the first antibody and the second antibody, wherein the first antibody is bound to a solid support and the second antibody is bound to a detection moiety capable of producing a signal;
b) optionally removing any unbound or excess material; and
c) detecting the signal from the detection moiety, wherein the signal is positively correlated with the presence of the CK18 protein fragment in the sample.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first antibody is directly bound to the solid support.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first antibody is indirectly bound to the solid support by at least one intermediate linker.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second antibody is directly bound to the detection moiety.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second antibody is indirectly bound to the detection moiety by at least one intermediate linker.
15. A method for detecting a cytokeratin 18 (CK18) protein fragment having a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:2) in a sample, comprising:
a) contacting the sample with a first antibody specific for a C-terminal amino acid sequence Ala Ser Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:1) of the CK18 protein fragment, the first antibody comprising a variable region of the heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and a variable region of the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and a second antibody that specifically binds an epitope that is present in both full-length CK18 and the CK18 protein fragment, and that does not overlap with SEQ ID NO:1, under conditions such that the CK18 protein fragment present in the sample specifically binds to the first antibody and the second antibody, wherein the first antibody is bound to a detection moiety capable of producing a signal and the second antibody is bound to a solid support;
b) optionally removing any unbound or excess material; and
c) detecting the signal from the detection moiety, wherein the signal is positively correlated with the presence of the CK18 protein fragment in the sample.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first antibody is directly bound to the detection moiety.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first antibody is indirectly bound to the detection moiety by at least one intermediate linker.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second antibody is directly bound to the solid support.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second antibody is indirectly bound to the solid support by at least one intermediate linker.
20. A method of determining the occurrence of cell death in a sample, comprising:
combining the sample with a first antibody that has binding specificity to the amino acid sequence Ala Ser Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:1), the first antibody comprising a variable region of the heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and a variable region of the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and a second antibody that specifically binds an epitope that is present in full-length CK18 and a CK18 protein fragment having a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:2), and that does not overlap with SEQ ID NO:1, under conditions such that the CK18 protein fragment present in the sample specifically binds to the first antibody and the second antibody, wherein one of the antibodies is bound to a solid support and the other antibody is bound to a detection moiety;
performing an immunological assay using the first antibody and second antibody;
determining the presence in the sample of a caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (CK18) protein fragment having a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:2), wherein the presence of the CK18 protein fragment is positively correlated to cell death.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the determining step comprises detecting a signal from the detection moiety attached to one of the antibodies.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first antibody is directly bound to the solid support.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first antibody is indirectly bound to the solid support by at least one intermediate linker.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second antibody is directly bound to the detection moiety.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second antibody is indirectly bound to the detection moiety by at least one intermediate linker.
26. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first antibody is directly bound to the detection moiety.
27. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first antibody is indirectly bound to the detection moiety by at least one intermediate linker.
28. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second antibody is directly bound to the solid support.
29. The method of claim 20 , wherein the second antibody is indirectly bound to the solid support by at least one intermediate linker.
30. The method of claim 3 , wherein the intermediate linker is one of an amino group, a carboxylate group, biotin, and ligands.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detection moiety is selected from the group consisting of electrochemiluminescence labels or compounds, chemiluminescent compounds, enzyme labels, fluorophores, chromogenic compounds, radiolabels, catalysts, colorimetric, labeled antibodies a latex particle, a magnetic particle, a radioactive element, fluorescent dyes, phosphorescent dyes, dye crystalites, gold particles, silver colloidal particles, selenium colloidal particles, metal chelates, coenzymes, electro active groups, oligonucleotides and stable radicals.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the metal chelate is a ruthenium, an osmium, or a europium metal chelate.
33. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of a bead, a plate, a glass surface, a plastic surface, a metal surface, a polystyrene surface, a nitrocellulose surface, a microparticle and a nanoparticle surface.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the solid support is a bead.
35. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least the solid support or the detection moiety is from a lyophilized composition that is rehydrated with the sample.
36. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid support is from a lyophilized composition.
37. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detection moiety is from a lyophilized composition.
38. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid support and the detector moiety are lyophilized in separate compositions.
39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the separate lyophilized compositions are rehydrated with the sample.
40. An assay kit for detecting a cytokeratin 18 (CK18) protein fragment having a C-terminal amino acid sequence of Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:2) in a sample, the kit comprising:
(i) a solid support;
(ii) a detection moiety;
(iii) a first antibody specific for a C-terminal amino acid sequence Ala Ser Ser Gly Leu Thr Val Glu Val Asp (SEQ ID NO:1) of the CK18 protein fragment, the first antibody comprising a variable region of the heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and a variable region of the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7;
(iv) a second antibody that specifically binds an epitope that is present in full-length CK18 and the CK18 protein fragment, and that does not overlap with SEQ ID NO:1; and
(v) instructions for performing the detection assay, including the steps of
(a) contacting the sample with the first antibody and the second antibody, wherein one of the antibodies is bound to a solid support and the other antibody is bound to a detection moiety capable of producing a signal
(b) optionally removing any unbound or excess material; and
(c) detecting a signal from the detection moiety, wherein the signal is positively correlated with the presence of the CK18 protein fragment.
41. The kit of claim 40 , wherein the kit further comprises the use of an ECL analyzer.
42. The kit of claim 40 , wherein the kit further comprises the use of a disposable cartridge.