Highly filled polymer systems
Polymer systems comprising poly(vinyl chloride), a non-petroleum based filler, and a polyester additive, wherein the polymer system is highly filled, and articles made therefrom, are described. The high loading of filler (e.g., talc, calcium carbonate or a combination thereof) is achieved by incorporation of polyester additives such as polyhydroxyalkanoates. High filler loading without significant reduction of relevant material properties can be associated with cost savings and environmental benefits.
1. A polymer system comprising:
poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC),
a filler comprising a combination of talc and calcium carbonate, and
a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) additive, wherein the content of the PHA in the polymer system is from 1 pph PVC to 10 pph PVC,
wherein the amount of the filler in the polymer system is from 25 pph to 60 pph PVC.
2. The polymer system of claim 1 , wherein the PHA is a copolymer or a blend of copolymers.
3. The polymer system of claim 1 , wherein the PHA comprises a copolymer of poly-3-hydroxybutytrate and one or more monomers selected from glycolic acid, lactic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP), 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate, 4-hydroxyvalerate (4HV), 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV), 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HH), 6-hydroxyhexanoate (6HH), 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO), and 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD), wherein the monomer content is 10 to 75% of the weight of the PHA.
4. The polymer system of claim 1 , wherein the PHA is a copolymer selected from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroyvalerate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-5-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-6-hydroxyhexanote).
5. The polymer system of claim 4 , wherein the PHA is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), having a weight % of 4-hydroxybutyrate from 10% to 15% of the weight of the PHA.
6. The polymer system of claim 4 , wherein the PHA is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), having a content of 4-hydroxybutyrate from 40% to 50% of the weight of the PHA.
7. The polymer system of claim 1 , wherein the PHA is a copolymer blend, the copolymer blend comprising a first copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate, having a content of 4-hydroxybutyrate from 10% to 15% by weight of the first copolymer, and a second copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate having a content of 4-hydroxybutyrate from 15% to 30% of the weight of the second copolymer.
8. The polymer system of claim 1 , further comprising a stabilizer.
9. The polymer system of claim 1 , further comprising a plasticizer.
10. The polymer system of claim 1 , wherein the filler is present in the system from 25 pph to 50 pph PVC.
11. The polymer system of claim 1 , wherein the filler is present in the system from 25 pph to 40 pph PVC.
12. The polymer system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional additives selected from plasticizers, peroxide initiators, clarifiers, nucleating agents, thermal or oxidative stabilizers, anti-slip agents, compatibilizers, or a combination thereof.
13. An article comprising the polymer system of claim 1 .
14. A method of preparing a polymer system comprising poly(vinyl chloride), a non-petroleum based filler, and a polyester additive, wherein the polymer system is highly filled comprising the step of:
melt blending the composition of claim 1 , using a single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, two-roll mill or Banbury mixer thereby forming the polymer system.