System and method for endometrial ablation
A wall of a uterus is ablated by expanding a structure in the uterus and applying energy across the wall of the structure into the uterine wall. An exterior surface of the structure conforms to an inner wall of the uterus, and the energy may cause vapor to collect between the wall and the structure. The vapor is released by providing a barrier to release which is inflated at a pressure above which the barrier at least partially collapses to allow the vapor to leave the uterus.
1. An electrosurgical ablation probe comprising:
a shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a gas flow passage with an opening near a distal end of the shaft;
a dielectric wall having an interior surface, an exterior surface, and an interior volume carried at the distal end of the shaft;
a barrier element in the flow passage, said barrier configured to open when a gas pressure in the interior volume is less than a predetermined pressure and close when said gas pressure in the interior volume is greater than the predetermined pressure;
a first electrode structure disposed within said interior volume; and
a second electrode structure disposed on the exterior surface of the dielectric wall;
said first and second electrodes configured to be connected to a source of a radiofrequency voltage to initiate a plasma in an electrically non-conductive gas flowing through the interior volume of the dielectric wall when tissue contacts the exterior surface of the dielectric wall and establishes a current path between the first and second electrodes through the plasma, dielectric wall, and tissue.
2. An electrosurgical ablation probe as in claim 1 , wherein the barrier element is disposed in a distal end of the gas flow passage.
3. An electrosurgical ablation probe as in claim 1 , wherein the barrier element is a balloon structure which is inflatable independently of the interior volume of the dielectric wall.
4. An electrosurgical ablation probe as in claim 3 , wherein the barrier element comprises a proximal portion of the dielectric wall.
5. An electrosurgical ablation probe as in claim 3 , further comprising an inflation source coupled to deliver an inflation medium to the barrier element.
6. An electrosurgical ablation probe as in claim 5 , wherein the inflation source is adapted to inflate the barrier element at a pressure in the range from 10 mm Hg to 100 mm Hg.
7. An electrosurgical ablation probe as in claim 5 , wherein the inflation source is adapted to inflate the barrier element at a pressure in the range from 25 mm Hg to 75 mm Hg.