Extended Release Aspirin
The present invention is directed to methods of inhibiting platelet aggregation, reducing serum thromboxane B2 levels, reducing systemic or cardiovascular inflammation, treating or preventing cancer and treating or preventing cardiovascular disease by oral administration of compositions containing extended release acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or a combination of extended release ASA and immediate release ASA.
1 . A method of inhibiting platelet aggregation comprising orally administering to a human in need thereof a controlled-release aspirin composition comprising acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at an amount from about 81 milligrams to about 325 milligrams, wherein the method provides a level of platelet aggregation inhibition within about 1 hour of administration and wherein the level of platelet aggregation inhibition remains significantly unchanged from about 1 hour after administration to at least about 24 hours after administration.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein platelet aggregation is measured by a turbidimetric based optical detection system.
3 . A method of reducing serum thromboxane B2 levels comprising orally administering to a human in need thereof a controlled-release aspirin composition comprising acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at an amount from about 81 milligrams to about 325 milligrams, wherein the method provides a reduced serum thromboxane B2 level within 1 hour of administration and wherein the serum thromboxane level remains significantly unchanged from about 1 hour after administration to at least about 24 hours after administration.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the administration of 325 milligrams ASA provides a significantly lower serum thromboxane B2 level as compared to administration of 162.5 milligrams ASA.
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the method further provides no significant change in urinary levels of thromboxane B2.
6 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the composition comprises 81 milligrams ASA and the method provides no significant change in urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α.
7 . The method of claim 3 wherein the composition comprises 162.5 milligrams ASA and the method provides lower urinary thromboxane B2 levels than after administration of the controlled-release aspirin composition comprising about 81 milligrams ASA.
8 . A method of reducing systemic or cardiovascular inflammation comprising orally administering to a human in need thereof a controlled-release aspirin comprising acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at an amount from about 162.5 milligrams to about 325 milligrams, wherein the method provides at least one of:
a) stimulation of vascular production of nitric oxide as measured by a significant change in mean reactive hyperemia index score as measured by pulse amplitude tonometry compared to a mean reactive hyperemia index score measured by pulse amplitude tonometry prior to oral administration of the composition to the human;
b) a significantly reduced high sensitive C-reactive protein level compared to a high sensitive C-reactive protein level after oral administration to a human in need thereof of a bioequivalent amount of immediate-release aspirin; and
c) no significant change in interleukin-8 levels.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the method provides a significant increase in mean reactive hyperemia index score as measured by pulse amplitude tonometry compared to a mean reactive hyperemia index score measured by pulse amplitude tonometry prior to oral administration of the composition to the human.
10 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the method provides a significantly reduced high sensitive C-reactive protein level compared to a high sensitive C-reactive protein level after oral administration to a human of a bioequivalent amount of immediate-release aspirin
11 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the method provides no significant change in interleukin-8 levels.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the bioequivalent amount is 81 milligrams.
13 . A method of preventing or treating cancer comprising orally administering to a human in need thereof a controlled-release aspirin composition comprising acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at an amount from about 162.5 milligrams to about 325 milligrams.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the method provides greater than 100 nanograms of ASA per milliliter of serum for at least 4 hours.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the method provides greater than 30 nanograms of ASA per milliliter of serum for at least 8 hours.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the method provides greater than 1000 nanograms of salicylic acid per milliliter of serum for at least 8 hours.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the method provides greater than 200 nanograms of salicylic acid per milliliter of serum for at least 24 hours.
18 . The method of claim 17 wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer and colorectal cancer.
19 . A method of treating or preventing a disease associated with increased thrombotic risk due to platelet activation, aggregation or production comprising orally administering to a human in need thereof a controlled-release aspirin composition comprising acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at an amount from about 81 milligrams to about 325 milligrams, preferably from about 162.5 milligrams to 325 milligrams, wherein the method provides a level of platelet aggregation inhibition within about 1 hour of administration and wherein the level of platelet aggregation inhibition remains significantly unchanged from about 1 hour after administration to at least about 24 hours after administration.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the disease is essential thrombocytosis or essential thrombocythemia.
21 . A composition comprising an immediate release acetylsalicylic acid (IR) and an extended-release acetylsalicylic acid (ER) in a ratio from about 1:1 to about 6:1 IR:ER.
22 . The composition of claim 21 wherein the IR:ER ratio is selected from the group consisting of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1, 5:1, 5.5:1 and 6:1.