Oil Ring for a Piston Assembly
A piston ring includes a body portion presenting a running surface, and a spring member disposed between the body portion and a ring groove of a piston. A running surface of the piston ring presents an upper rail, a lower rail, and a fulcrum disposed between the rails and each extending radially outwardly. An outermost tip of the fulcrum is disposed radially outwardly relative to an outermost surface of the rails, and the running surface presents a convex shape along the fulcrum. The fulcrum contacts an oil film applied to a cylinder wall as the piston reciprocates along the cylinder wall. The spring member presses the body portion of the piston ring toward the cylinder wall and causes the body portion to pivot about the fulcrum to provide for improved control of the oil film, less friction, and reduced oil consumption.
1 . A piston ring, comprising:
a body portion including an inner surface surrounding a center axis and a running surface facing opposite said center axis;
said running surface presenting an upper rail and a lower rail each extending radially outwardly relative to said center axis and axially spaced from one another by a portion of said running surface,
said running surface presenting a fulcrum disposed between said rails and extending radially outwardly relative to said center axis,
an outermost tip of said fulcrum is disposed radially outwardly relative to an outermost surface of said rails; and
a spring member disposed along said inner surface of said body portion and surrounding said center axis for pressing said body portion away from said center axis and causing said body portion to pivot about said fulcrum.
2 . The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said running surface of said piston ring is convex along said fulcrum.
3 . The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said fulcrum presents a spherical radius.
4 . The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said inner surface of said body portion presents a concave groove for retaining said spring member.
5 . The piston ring of claim 4 , wherein an outermost tip of said fulcrum and said concave groove of said body portion present a first width therebetween, and said first width extends perpendicular to said center axis.
6 . The piston ring of claim 5 , wherein said outermost surface of each of said rails and said concave groove of said body portion present a second width therebetween, and said second width extends perpendicular to said center axis.
7 . The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said fulcrum is centered between said lower rail and said upper rail.
8 . The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said fulcrum is not centered between said lower rail and said upper rail.
9 . The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein said running surface of said body portion extends axially from a top end to a bottom end;
said running surface includes a top land extending from said top end to said upper rail, an intermediate land extending from said upper rail to said fulcrum and from said fulcrum to said lower rail, and a bottom land extending from said lower rail to said bottom end;
said upper rail includes an upper side surface extending radially outwardly from said top land, said upper rail includes a lower side surface extending radially outwardly from said intermediate land, said upper side surface and said lower side surface of said upper rail extend toward one another at an angle, said upper rail includes an outermost surface spacing said upper side surface from said lower side surface, and said outermost surface of said upper rail is flat;
said lower rail includes an upper side surface extending radially outwardly from said intermediate land, said lower rail includes a lower side surface extending radially outwardly from said bottom land, said upper side surface and said lower side surface of said lower rail extend toward one another at an angle, said lower rail includes an outermost surface spacing said upper side surface from said lower side surface, and said outermost surface of said lower rail is flat.
10 . The piston ring of claim 1 , wherein a coating is applied to said running surface of said body portion, and said coating is selected from a chromium-based coating, a chromium-ceramic coating, a nitrided coating, a DLC coating, and a PVD coating.
11 . The piston ring as set forth in claim 1 wherein said body portion is a monolithic piece of metal material;
said inner surface of said body portion presents a concave groove for retaining said spring member;
said running surface of said body portion extends axially from an top end to a bottom end,
said running surface includes a top land extending from said top end to said upper rail, an intermediate land extending from said upper rail to said fulcrum and from said fulcrum to said lower rail, and a bottom land extending from said lower rail to said bottom end;
said upper rail includes an upper side surface extending radially outwardly from said top land, said upper rail includes a lower side surface extending radially outwardly from said intermediate land, said upper side surface and said lower side surface of said upper rail extend toward one another at an angle, said upper rail includes an outermost surface spacing said upper side surface from said lower side surface, and said outermost surface of said upper rail is flat;
said lower rail includes an upper side surface extending radially outwardly from said intermediate land, said lower rail includes a lower side surface extending radially outwardly from said bottom land, said upper side surface and said lower side surface of said lower rail extend toward one another at an angle, said lower rail includes an outermost surface spacing said upper side surface from said lower side surface, and said outermost surface of said lower rail is flat;
said fulcrum extends from said intermediate land to an outermost tip, and said fulcrum presents a spherical radius along said outermost tip;
said outermost tip of said fulcrum and said concave groove of said body portion present a first width therebetween, and said first width extends perpendicular to said center axis;
said outermost surface of each of said rails and said concave groove of said body portion present a second width therebetween, and said second width extends perpendicular to said center axis;
said running surface of said body portion is convex along said fulcrum;
said spring member is a helical spring;
a coating is applied to said running surface of said body portion, said coating extends continuously from said top end along said rails and said fulcrum to said bottom end; and
said coating is selected from a chromium-based coating, a chromium-ceramic coating, a nitrided coating, a DLC coating, and a PVD coating.
12 . A piston assembly, comprising:
an upper crown presenting an upper combustion surface and an outer diameter surface depending from said upper combustion surface and extending circumferentially about a center axis;
said outer diameter surface including at least one ring groove extending circumferentially about said center axis, each ring groove including an upper surface and a lower surface facing opposite one another and spaced from one another by a back surface, said back surface facing away from said center axis;
a piston ring disposed in at least one of said at least one ring grooves;
said piston ring comprising a body portion including an inner surface facing said back surface of said ring groove and a running surface facing opposite said back surface;
said running surface of said piston ring extending axially from an top end to a bottom end;
said running surface of said piston ring presenting an upper rail and a lower rail each extending radially outwardly relative to said center axis and axially spaced from one another;
said running surface presenting a fulcrum disposed between said rails and extending radially outwardly relative to said center axis, an outermost tip of said fulcrum is disposed radially outwardly relative to an outermost surface of said rails; and
said piston ring further including a spring member disposed along said inner surface of said body portion and surrounding said back surface of said ring groove for pressing said body portion of said piston ring away from said back surface of said ring groove and causing said body portion of said piston ring to pivot about said fulcrum.
13 . The piston assembly of claim 12 , wherein said top end of said running surface of said piston ring and said upper surface of said ring groove present a first clearance distance therebetween, said lower end of said running surface of said piston ring and said lower surface of said ring groove present a second clearance distance therebetween.
14 . The piston assembly of claim 12 , wherein said top end of said running surface of said piston ring and said upper surface of said ring groove present a first clearance distance therebetween, said lower end of said running surface of said piston ring, and said lower surface of said ring groove present a second clearance distance therebetween.
15 . The piston assembly of claim 12 , wherein said running surface of said piston ring is convex along said fulcrum.
16 . The piston assembly of claim 12 including a pair of pin bosses depending from said upper crown and each defining a pin bore, the pin bosses being spaced from one another by skirt panels;
wherein said body portion of said piston ring is a monolithic piece of metal material;
said inner surface of said body portion presents a concave groove for retaining said spring member;
said running surface of said body portion extends axially from an top end to a bottom end,
said running surface includes a top land extending from said top end to said upper rail, an intermediate land extending from said upper rail to said fulcrum and from said fulcrum to said lower rail, and a bottom land extending from said lower rail to said bottom end;
said upper rail includes an upper side surface extending radially outwardly from said top land, said upper rail includes a lower side surface extending radially outwardly from said intermediate land, said upper side surface and said lower side surface of said upper rail extend toward one another at an angle, said upper rail includes an outermost surface spacing said upper side surface from said lower side surface, and said outermost surface of said upper rail is flat;
said lower rail includes an upper side surface extending radially outwardly from said intermediate land, said lower rail includes a lower side surface extending radially outwardly from said bottom land, said upper side surface and said lower side surface of said lower rail extend toward one another at an angle, said lower rail includes an outermost surface spacing said upper side surface from said lower side surface, and said outermost surface of said lower rail is flat;
said fulcrum extends from said intermediate land to an outermost tip, and said fulcrum presents a spherical radius along said outermost tip;
said outermost tip of said fulcrum and said concave groove of said body portion present a first width therebetween, and said first width extends perpendicular to said center axis;
said outermost surface of said rails and said concave groove of said body portion present a second width therebetween, and said second width extends perpendicular to said center axis;
said top end of said running surface of said piston ring and said upper surface of said ring groove present a first clearance distance therebetween;
said lower end of said running surface of said piston ring and said lower surface of said ring groove present a second clearance distance therebetween;
said running surface of said piston ring is convex along said fulcrum;
said spring member is a helical spring;
a coating is applied to said running surface of said body portion, said coating extends continuously from said top end along said rails and said fulcrum to said bottom end; and
said coating is selected from a chromium-based coating, a chromium-ceramic coating, a nitrided coating, a DLC coating, and a PVD coating.
17 . A method for scrapping oil along an inner surface of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of:
providing a piston assembly, the piston assembly including a piston ring disposed in a ring groove of an upper crown, the piston ring comprising a body portion including a running surface facing the cylinder liner and an inner surface facing opposite the cylinder liner, the running surface of the piston ring extending axially from a top end to a bottom end, the running surface of the piston ring presenting an upper rail and a lower rail each extending radially outwardly relative to the center axis and axially spaced from one another, the running surface presenting a fulcrum disposed between the rails and extending radially outwardly relative to the center axis, an outermost tip of the fulcrum is disposed radially outwardly relative to an outermost surface of the rails, and the piston ring further including a spring member disposed in the ring groove of the crown portion and along the inner surface of the body portion; and
moving the piston assembly along an layer of oil disposed on the inner surface of the cylinder liner while the fulcrum of the piston ring engages the layer of oil.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the spring member presses the body portion of the piston ring toward the cylinder liner and causes the body portion to pivot about the fulcrum during the step of moving the piston assembly along layer of oil. The piston ring of claim 18 , wherein said upper rail and the lower rail of the piston ring present an obtuse angle therebetween when the body portion of the piston ring pivots about the fulcrum.
20 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the running surface of the piston ring is convex along the fulcrum.