Porous shaped metal-carbon products
The present invention provides a porous metal-containing carbon-based material that is stable at high temperatures under aqueous conditions. The porous metal-containing carbon-based materials are particularly useful in catalytic applications. Also provided, are methods for making and using porous shaped metal-carbon products prepared from these materials.
1. A process for producing glucaric acid from glucose, the process comprising:
contacting glucose with oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising a porous, shaped metal-carbon product to form glucaric acid, wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is a base metal, and
wherein the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is a carbonized product of a carbonaceous material with water, a water-soluble organic binder, and a metal precursor selected from the group consisting of a metal carbonate, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a salt of a metal acid, a heteropoly acid, a metal carboxylate, a metal carbide, a metal chloride, a metal amine complex-containing compound, a hydrate thereof, and a mixture of any two or more thereof.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is present at a metal loading of at least about 10 wt %.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is present at a metal loading of from about 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt %.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the porous, shaped metal-carbon product further comprises a noble metal deposited thereon.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is selected from the group consisting of Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al, Sn, W, Ta, Co, Bi, Cd, Ti, Zr, Sb, Mn, Be, Cr, Ge, V, Ga, Hf, In, Nb, and combinations thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is selected from the group consisting of Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al, Sn, W, Ta, Co, Bi, Cd, Ti, Zr, Sb, Mn, Be, Cr, Ge, V, Ga, Hf, In, Nb, Tl, and combinations thereof.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, W, Nb, Mo, and combinations thereof.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is selected from the group consisting of Ni, W, and combinations thereof.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the porous, shaped metal-carbon product further comprises a second metal deposited on the surfaces of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product and wherein the second metal comprises a noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pt and Au.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the porous, shaped metal-carbon product further comprises a second metal deposited on the surfaces of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the second metal is different from the metal component of the metal-carbon product.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the second metal comprises a noble metal.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the second metal comprises a noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pt and Au.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the porous, shaped metal-carbon product comprises a porous carbon matrix.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein no more than about 10% of the pore volume of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is from pores having a pore diameter less than about 10 nm.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises carbon black.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises activated carbon.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises graphite.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material is a mixture of any two or more materials selected from the group consisting of a carbon black, an activated carbon, and a graphite.
20. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a BET specific surface area of at least about 20 m 2 /g.
21. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a BET specific surface area in the range of from about 20 m 2 /g to about 500 m 2 /g.
22. The process of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble organic binder comprises a water-soluble polymer.
23. The process of claim 22 , wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises a carbohydrate.
24. The process of claim 23 , wherein the carbohydrate comprises a cellulose.
25. The process of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble organic binder comprises a sugar.
26. The process of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble binder comprises a mixture of a cellulose and a sugar.
27. A process for producing glucaric acid from glucose, the process comprising:
contacting glucose with oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising a porous, shaped metal-carbon product to form glucaric acid, wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is a base metal, and wherein the porous, shaped metal-carbon product exhibits a radial piece crush strength of greater than about 4.4 N/mm (1 lb/mm).
28. The process of claim 27 , wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, W, Nb, Mo, and combinations thereof.
29. A process for producing glucaric acid from glucose, the process comprising:
contacting glucose with oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising a porous, shaped metal-carbon product to form glucaric acid, wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is a base metal, and wherein the porous, shaped metal-carbon product comprises a specific pore volume of pores having a diameter in the range of from 1.7 nm to 100 nm, as measured by the BJH process, that is from about 0.1 cm 3 /g to about 1.5 cm 3 /g.
30. The process of claim 29 , wherein the metal component of the porous, shaped metal-carbon product is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, W, Nb, Mo, and combinations thereof.