Simulated tissue models and methods
Simulated tissue structures for practicing surgical techniques and methods of manufacturing those structures are provided. In particular, a realistic organ model or simulated tissue portion for practicing the removal of a tumor or other undesired tissue followed by suturing a remnant defect as part of the same surgical procedure is provided. The simulated tissue structures include a polyp simulation having a suturable mesh layer that is separable from a defect layer. A simulated colon model with interchangeable and suturable tissue pods is also provided as is a fully suturable rectum model and a rectum model with integrative suturable and removable polyp zones.
1. A simulated tissue model, comprising:
a first layer made of silicone having a substantially planar first surface opposite a substantially planar second surface defining a first thickness therebetween; the first layer having an outer perimeter and a protrusion extending outwardly from the first surface at a protrusion location on the first surface of the first layer within the outer perimeter; the first thickness being substantially uniform and the protrusion being defined by an increased first thickness of the first layer; and
a second layer made of silicone having a substantially planar first surface opposite a substantially planar second surface defining a second thickness therebetween; the second thickness being substantially uniform; the second layer having an outer perimeter and being connected to the first layer such that the outer perimeter of the first layer and the outer perimeter of the second layer are aligned and the first surface of the second layer faces and contacts the second surface of the first layer defining an interface between the first layer and the second layer,
wherein the first layer is selectively adhered to the second layer in at least one or more regions of the interface between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the at least one or more regions for selective adhesion are located outside of a region of the interface between the first layer and the second layer that is located directly below the protrusion location of the first surface of the first layer to facilitate excision of the protrusion.
2. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 further including a substantially cylindrical tube of silicone having an inner surface and an outer surface and defining a central lumen having a longitudinal axis; the second surface of the second layer being attached to the inner surface of the cylindrical tube such that the protrusion extends into the lumen toward the longitudinal axis.
3. The simulated tissue model of claim 2 further including a mesh layer embedded in the cylindrical tube.
4. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 further including a mesh layer embedded within the first layer.
5. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 wherein the protrusion has a color that is relatively darker than the rest of the first layer.
6. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 wherein the first layer and the second layer are separable within the region of the interface between the first layer and the second layer that is located directly below the protrusion location of the first surface of the first layer.
7. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 wherein the at least one or more regions for selective adhesion of the interface between the first layer and the second layer are arranged in a pattern configured for adhesion.
8. The simulated tissue model of claim 7 wherein the pattern for adhesion comprises a plurality of randomly spaced dots or circles configured for adhering the first layer to the second layer with adhesive.
9. The simulated tissue model of claim 8 wherein the adhesive is uncured silicone.
10. The simulated tissue model of claim 7 wherein the pattern for adhesion comprises a circumferential pattern or circular pattern.
11. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 wherein the region of the interface between the first layer and the second layer that is located directly below the protrusion location of the first surface of the first layer is covered by a mold release to form a mold release area.
12. The simulated tissue model of claim 11 wherein the mold release prevents adhesion of the first layer to the second layer at the mold release area.
13. The simulated tissue model of claim 11 wherein the at least one or more regions for selective adhesion surrounds the mold release area such that a vacuum is created between the first and second layers at the mold release area.
14. The simulated tissue model of claim 11 wherein the at least one or more regions for selective adhesion comprises an annular area surrounding the mold release area.
15. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 wherein the first layer and the second layer are respectively representing a defect layer having an abnormal tissue growth and a muscle layer in a simulated polyp, wherein the defect and muscle layers are made from silicone materials; the defect layer being red or pink in color with an inclusion of contrast-colored cured silicone pieces and the muscle layer being yellow in color.
16. The simulated tissue model of claim 15 further including a mesh layer suitable for practicing suturing techniques after excision of the protrusion.
17. The simulated tissue model of claim 16 wherein the mesh layer is embedded within the muscle layer.
18. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 wherein the protrusion is formed integrally as an integral protrusion extending from the first surface of the first layer.
19. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 wherein the protrusion is formed as a separate piece located between the first layer and the second layer.
20. The simulated tissue model of claim 1 wherein the protrusion is a separate piece located between the first layer and the second layer and floating between the first and second layers.