Load detection apparatus and method for USB systems
An apparatus comprises a positive data input/output terminal configured to be connected with a positive data line of a USB device, wherein the positive data input/output port is weakly pulled up to a first voltage potential through a pull-up resistor, a negative data input/output terminal configured to be connected with a negative data line of the USB device, wherein the negative data input/output terminal is connected to a second voltage potential, a window comparator having an input detecting a voltage across the two data input/output terminals and a wake-up signal generator connected to an output of the window comparator, wherein the wake-up signal generator is configured to generate a signal for adjusting a switching frequency of a power converter after the USB device is connected to the power converter.
1. A system comprising:
an isolated power converter comprising a primary switching network, a transformer and a secondary switching network;
a primary controller configured to adjust a switching frequency of the primary switching network in response to a load change; and
a secondary controller comprising a load detection apparatus, wherein:
a positive data input/output terminal and a negative data input/output terminal of the secondary controller are configured to be connected with two data lines of a universal serial bus (USB) device respectively, and wherein the positive data input/output terminal is weakly pulled up by a first voltage node of a voltage divider; and
the load detection apparatus is configured to detect a voltage change across the positive data input/output terminal and the negative data input/output terminal through comparing a voltage at the positive data input/output terminal with a first threshold and a second threshold, and generate a wake-up signal based upon the voltage change, wherein a load current of the isolated power converter is increased for a short duration, and wherein the first threshold and the second threshold are generated by a second voltage node and a third voltage node of the voltage divider respectively.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the load detection apparatus comprises:
a plurality of voltage references and a window detector, and wherein the positive data input/output terminal is connected to a first voltage potential through a pull-up resistor and the window detector has two input terminals connected to a second voltage potential and a third voltage potential respectively, and wherein the first voltage potential is in a range between the second voltage potential and the third voltage potential.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the load detection apparatus comprises:
a first amplifier having an inverting input connected to a voltage reference;
a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series between an output of the first amplifier and ground, and wherein a non-inverting input of the first amplifier is connected to a common node of the first resistor and the second resistor, and the positive data input/output terminal is connected to a common node of the third resistor and the fourth resistor through the pull-up resistor;
a first comparator having an inverting input connected to the output of the first amplifier and a non-inverting input receiving a signal equal to the voltage at the positive data input/output terminal; and
a second comparator having an inverting input connected to the non-inverting input of the first comparator and a non-inverting input connected to a common node of the second resistor and the third resistor.
4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising:
a first deglitch circuit connected to an output of the first comparator;
a second deglitch circuit connected to an output of the second comparator; and
an OR gate having a first input connected to an output of the first deglitch circuit and a second input connected to an output of the second deglitch circuit.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein:
an output of the OR gate is configured to generate the wake-up signal, and wherein the switching frequency of the primary switching network is increased from a lower switching frequency to a higher switching frequency in response to the wake-up signal.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the secondary controller is configured to communicate with the USB device after the USB device is plugged into a USB port of the secondary controller.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the isolated power converter is a flyback power converter.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
an output filter connected to the secondary switching network; and
a dummy load connected to the output filter.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein:
the dummy load is configured to be activated for a short duration after the wake-up signal occurs.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein:
the short duration is in a range from about 100 milliseconds to about 400 milliseconds.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein:
the dummy load is about 50 mA.
12. An apparatus comprising:
a positive data input/output terminal of a USB port configured to be connected with a positive data line of a USB device, wherein the positive data input/output terminal is weakly pulled up to a first voltage potential through a pull-up resistor;
a negative data input/output terminal of the USB port configured to be connected with a negative data line of the USB device, wherein the negative data input/output terminal is connected to a second voltage potential;
a window comparator having an input detecting a voltage across the positive data input/output terminal and the negative data input/output terminal, wherein the first voltage potential is less than an upper threshold of the window comparator and greater than a lower threshold of the window comparator, and wherein the upper threshold, the first voltage potential and the lower threshold are generated by a single voltage divider having a plurality of resistors connected in series between an output of an amplifier and ground; and
a wake-up signal generator connected to an output of the window comparator, wherein the wake-up signal generator is configured to generate a signal for adjusting a switching frequency of a power converter after the USB device is plugged into the USB port.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , further comprising:
the amplifier having an inverting input connected to a voltage reference;
a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series between an output of the amplifier and ground, wherein a non-inverting input of the amplifier is connected to a common node of the first resistor and the second resistor, and the positive data input/output terminal is connected to a common node of the third resistor and the fourth resistor through the pull-up resistor;
a first comparator having an inverting input connected to the output of the amplifier and a non-inverting input connected to the positive data input/output terminal; and
a second comparator having an inverting input connected to the non-inverting input of the first comparator and a non-inverting input connected to a common node of the second resistor and the third resistor.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising:
a first deglitch circuit connected to an output of the first comparator;
a second deglitch circuit connected to an output of the second comparator; and
an OR gate having a first input connected to an output of the first deglitch circuit and a second input connected to an output of the second deglitch circuit, wherein an output of the OR gate is configured to generate a wake-up signal, and wherein the switching frequency of the power converter is increased from a lower switching frequency to a higher switching frequency in response to the wake-up signal.
15. A method comprising:
detecting a plug-in event through monitoring a voltage change across a positive data input/output terminal and a negative data input/output terminal of a USB port, wherein the positive data input/output terminal and the negative data input/output terminal are configured to be connected with a positive data line and a negative data line of a USB device respectively;
comparing a detected signal with an upper threshold and a lower threshold of a window comparator, wherein the upper threshold, the lower threshold and a voltage potential configured to pull up the positive data input/output terminal are generated by a same voltage divider having a plurality of resistors connected in series between an output of an amplifier and ground;
generating a wake-up signal based upon a comparison result of the step of comparing the detected signal; and
increasing a switching frequency of a power converter by applying the wake-up signal to the power converter, wherein a load current of the power converter is increased for a short duration due to the small load applied externally by the same wake-up signal.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
adjusting the switching frequency of the power converter before providing a charge current to the USB device.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
activating a dummy load coupled to a secondary side of the power converter after detecting the plug-in event.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
in response to the plug-in event, activating the dummy load in a time duration ranging from 100 milliseconds to 400 milliseconds.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
adjusting the switching frequency of the power converter through a primary controller of the power converter.