Method of assessing chemicals in produced fluids
A method of monitoring water-soluble treatment chemicals in a fluid that is immiscible with water and which may or may not contain some aqueous fluid, the method using at least one reagent that produces an optically detectable product, the detection step can take place without separation of the aqueous phase containing the treatment chemicals from the fluid immiscible with water.
1. A method of monitoring water-soluble treatment chemicals in a fluid that is immiscible with water and which may or may not contain some aqueous fluid, where said water-soluble treatment chemical is a hydrate inhibitor, the method comprising:
a. obtaining a sample of said fluid;
b. adding a first reagent to the fluid sample, wherein the first reagent is an oxidising agent being reactive with the treatment chemical to produce a first product, wherein the first product is an aldehyde;
c. adding a second reagent to the fluid sample, wherein the second reagent is an aldehyde reactive reagent being reactive with the first product in step (b) to produce an optically detectable second product wherein the second reagent is Fluoral P; and
d. detecting an optically detectable product;
wherein the detection step takes place without separation of the aqueous phase containing the treatment chemicals from the fluid immiscible with water.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second reagent are added simultaneously.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second reagent are added sequentially.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the fluid immiscible in water is heated and/or mixed, rotated, vortexed, shaken, sonicated, inverted, filtered, or centrifuged after addition of the first reagent or a combination of these actions carried out simultaneously.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second reagent is fluorogenic, chromogenic, luminescent, IR-active or Raman-active in the presence of the first product.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein water is added to the fluid immiscible with water prior to step b.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the water added to the fluid immiscible in water in step (b) contains the first and second reagents.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein water is added before or after reagents to make up the fluid immiscible in water to a specific volume.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of pre-marking a container into which the fluid immiscible in water will be placed, in order to indicate desired volume.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrate inhibitor comprises methanol, monoethylene glycol, or ethanol.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first product is one of formaldehyde or acetaldehyde.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first reagent is one of alcohol dehydrogenase, methanol dehydrogenase, alcohol oxidase, persulfate, permanganate, chromate, lead tetraacetate, periodate, periodic acid, boronic acid, glycerol dehydrogenase, monoethylene glycol dehydrogenase or ruthenium complexes such as [Ru(III)(bpy) 3 ] 3+ .
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment chemical is methanol and the first reagent is alcohol oxidase.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment chemical is monoethylene glycol and the first reagent is periodate.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid immiscible with water and reagents are mixed, rotated, vortexed, shaken, sonicated, inverted, filtered, heated or centrifuged or a combination of these actions carried out simultaneously.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid immiscible with water is heated above ambient temperature for a period of time to accelerate the reaction.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a treatment of the fluid sample is used to remove interfering chemicals from the fluid immiscible with water.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the treatment step comprises desalting the fluid immiscible with water.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the fluid immiscible with water is passed through a desalting column to remove salts.
20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or other ion chelator is added to the fluid immiscible in water either before or at the same time as the first reagent and/or second reagent.
21. The method according to claim 17 , wherein catalase is added to the fluid immiscible in water either before or at the same time as the first reagent and or second reagent.
22. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the signal is detected using fluorescence, chemiluminescence, colourimetry, IR, Raman or UV-visible spectroscopy.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the signal is detected using fluorescence detector, luminescence detector, Raman detector, optical microscope, CCD camera, photographic film, fibre-optic device, photometric detector, MEMS device, single photon detector, spectrophotometer, chromatography system or by eye.
24. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one positive and/or negative control samples are used.
25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the negative control contains inactivated first and/or second reagents.
26. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the negative control contains only the second reagent.
27. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the value of any optically detected background signal from the negative control is subtracted from the optically detected value obtained from a sample of fluid immiscible with water being analysed.
28. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the positive control is aqueous or fluid immiscible with water known to contain treatment chemical.
29. The method according to claim 24 , wherein calibration samples are used in order to create a calibration curve for the purposes of quantification.
30. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the positive control or calibration samples are used to identify and compensate for variations due to different reagent activities.
31. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a calibration factor is used to account for variations due to the differing extraction efficiencies from different fluids immiscible with water.
32. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the range of detection is extended by altering the ratio of the fluid immiscible with water sample and aqueous phase.
33. The method according to claim 32 , wherein the ratio of the fluid immiscible with water sample and aqueous reagents is altered by changing volume of aqueous phase and/or fluid immiscible with water.
34. The method according to claim 33 , wherein the ratio of fluid immiscible with water and detection reagents is altered by diluting the fluid immiscible with water or a second fluid immiscible with water which does not contain the treatment chemical prior to mixing with aqueous phase.
35. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the second fluid immiscible with water is heptane, hexane, petroleum ether, octane or kerosene.
36. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the range of detection is altered by changing the conditions to alter speed of reaction, yield or detectability.
37. The method according to claim 36 , wherein the temperature or timings, the pH of reagents, or the detection method is altered.
38. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid immiscible in water is added to the first and/or second reagent.
39. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid sample is a single or multiphase fluid.
40. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition is carried out under pressure.
41. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition is carried out by bubbling the fluid immiscible with water through water or an aqueous solution of one or more reagents.
42. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method or steps within the method are automated.
43. A kit for monitoring of water-soluble treatment chemicals in a fluid that is immiscible with water according to claim 1 .