Gas generator and process therefor
A process of generating a gas includes providing an encapsulation of reactive metal particles, releasing the reactive metal particles from the encapsulation, mixing the reactive metal particles in turbulent water, reacting the reactive metal particles in the turbulent water to generate hydrogen, cooling the turbulent water and the hydrogen with water jets, separating solids and liquids from the hydrogen, and providing the hydrogen to an electrochemical cell.
1. A process of generating a gas, the process comprising:
providing an encapsulation of reactive metal particles;
releasing the reactive metal particles from the encapsulation;
mixing the reactive metal particles in turbulent water;
reacting the reactive metal particles in the turbulent water to generate hydrogen;
cooling the turbulent water and the hydrogen with water jets;
separating solids and liquids from the hydrogen; and
providing the hydrogen to an electrochemical cell.
2. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the encapsulation includes a shell containing the reactive metal particles, and the shell is non-reactive with respect to the water.
3. The process as recited in claim 2 , wherein the shell is ceramic.
4. The process as recited in claim 2 , wherein the shell is polymeric.
5. The process as recited in claim 2 , wherein each of the reactive metal particles include a coating.
6. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the encapsulation includes a shell containing the reactive metal particles, and the shell is soluble in the water.
7. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the providing includes injecting the encapsulation into a chamber.
8. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the releasing includes fracturing of the encapsulation.
9. The process as recited in claim 8 , wherein the fracturing of the encapsulation is by accelerating the encapsulation into a strike surface.
10. The process as recited in claim 9 , wherein the mixing of the reactive metal particles includes injecting water toward the strike surface.
11. The process as recited in claim 10 , wherein the cooling of the turbulent water and the hydrogen includes injecting the water jets downstream from the strike surface.
12. The process as recited in claim 1 , further comprising serially providing additional encapsulations.
13. The process as recited in claim 12 , further comprising serially providing the additional encapsulations at a rate that is responsive to electrical output of the electrochemical cell.
14. The process as recited in claim 12 , further comprising dispensing the encapsulations from a cartridge into a chamber for the releasing.
15. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactive metal particles are nanoparticles.
16. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactive metal particles are selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, sodium, and combinations thereof.
17. A gas generator comprising:
a chamber;
a reaction zone in the chamber;
a ram operable to accelerate a frangible reactant material into the reaction zone in the chamber; and
at least one liquid injector directed toward the reaction zone and configured to provide turbulent water to the reaction zone.
18. The gas generator as recited in claim 17 , wherein the reaction zone includes a strike surface.
19. The gas generator as recited in claim 18 , wherein the strike surface includes a wedge.
20. The gas generator as recited in claim 17 , wherein the ram includes an injection tube and a plunger moveable in the injection tube.
21. The gas generator as recited in claim 17 , wherein the at least one liquid injector includes a water injector.
22. The gas generator as recited in claim 17 , further comprising at least one coolant injector located downstream of the reaction zone.
23. The gas generator as recited in claim 17 , further comprising a cartridge attachable with the chamber and operable to dispense the frangible reactant material to the ram.
24. An electric generator system comprising:
a gas generator including:
a chamber,
a reaction zone in the chamber,
a ram operable to accelerate a frangible reactant material into the reaction zone in the chamber, and
at least one liquid injector directed toward the reaction zone and configured to provide turbulent water to the reaction zone;
a purifier located downstream of the gas generator; and
at least one electrochemical cell located downstream of the purifier.
25. The electric generator system as recited in claim 24 , wherein the reaction zone includes a strike surface.
26. The electric generator system as recited in claim 24 , wherein the ram includes an injection tube and a plunger moveable in the injection tube.
27. The electric generator system as recited in claim 24 , further comprising a cartridge attachable with the chamber and operable to dispense the frangible reactant material to the ram.