Apparatus and method for energy management of multiple facilities as a function of estimated occupancy
An apparatus for managing energy consumption of one or more buildings of one or more building types based on occupancy is provided. The apparatus includes an occupancy estimator and a multiple facility controller. The occupancy estimator is configured to receive energy consumption and outside temperature streams corresponding to a portion of the one or more buildings, and is configured to employ occupancy components for each of the one or more buildings within the portion to process the streams, and is configured to generate occupancy levels corresponding to the one or more buildings within the portion, where the occupancy components and the occupancy levels are generated by exclusively processing the streams, and is configured to assign the occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in the first portion according to building type. The multiple facility controller is configured to employ the occupancy components to maintain a global energy use model for the one or more buildings, and is configured to transmit energy reduction control messages to selected ones of the one or more buildings to reduce energy consumption by a prescribed amount for a prescribed period of time, thereby optimizing energy consumption of all of the one or more buildings.
1. An apparatus for managing energy consumption of one or more buildings of one or more building types based on occupancy, the apparatus comprising:
an occupancy estimator, configured to receive energy consumption and outside temperature streams E i (h, T), corresponding to a portion of the one or more buildings, and configured to employ occupancy components for each of the one or more buildings within said portion to process said streams, and configured to generate occupancy levels corresponding to the one or more buildings within said portion, wherein said occupancy components and said occupancy levels are generated by exclusively processing said streams, and configured to assign said occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in said portion according to building type, said occupancy components comprising:
a lower bound of energy consumption, ζ(T), as a function of outside temperature, T, when a corresponding one of said one or more buildings is at minimum occupancy;
a normalized occupancy profile component, f(h) as a function of a prescribed time increment, h;
a marginal energy consumption component, D(T) as a function of T; and
a daily occupancy level component, γ i for each of a first plurality of days, i;
wherein γ i is determined according to the following equation:
γ
i
=
∑
h
Δ
i
(
h
,
T
)
∑
h
f
(
h
)
D
(
T
)
;
and wherein Δ i (h, T)=E i (h,T)−ζ(T); and
a multiple facility controller, configured optimize time of use energy consumption by employing said occupancy components to maintain a global energy use model for the one or more buildings to achieve time of use energy consumption objectives, and configured to transmit energy reduction control messages to selected ones of the one or more buildings to reduce energy consumption by a prescribed amount for a prescribed period of time, thereby optimizing said time of use energy consumption of all of the one or more buildings.
2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein said occupancy estimator and said multiple facility controller are disposed within an energy management control center, and wherein said energy management control center is configured to generate said occupancy components by processing training data sets comprising energy consumption and outside temperature data for each of the one or more buildings in said portion, and wherein said energy consumption and outside temperature data taken at a prescribed time increment over said plurality of days.
3. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 , wherein said energy management control center progressively revises said occupancy components by additionally processing said streams.
4. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 , wherein said prescribed time increment ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours.
5. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 , where said plurality of days ranges from 30 days to 365 days.
6. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein said multiple facility controller transmits said energy reduction control messages to achieve objectives of a demand response program event.
7. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein said multiple facility controller transmits said energy reduction control messages to additionally achieve objectives of an energy efficiency incentive.
8. A computer data signal embodied in a non-transitory storage medium, comprising:
computer readable program code for providing an apparatus for managing energy consumption of one or more buildings of one or more building types based on occupancy, said computer readable code comprising:
first program code for providing an occupancy estimator, configured to receive energy consumption and outside temperature streams E i (h,T), corresponding to a portion of the one or more buildings, and configured to employ occupancy components for each of the one or more buildings within said portion to process said streams, and configured to generate occupancy levels corresponding to the one or more buildings within said portion, wherein said occupancy components and said occupancy levels are generated by exclusively processing said streams, and configured to assign said occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in said portion according to building type, said occupancy components comprising:
a lower bound of energy consumption, ζ(T), as a function of outside temperature, T, when a corresponding one of said one or more buildings is at minimum occupancy;
a normalized occupancy profile component, f(h) as a function of a prescribed time increment, h;
a marginal energy consumption component, D(T) as a function of T; and
a daily occupancy level component, γ i for each of a first plurality of days, i;
wherein γ i is determined according to the following equation:
γ
i
=
∑
h
Δ
i
(
h
,
T
)
∑
h
f
(
h
)
D
(
T
)
;
and wherein Δ i (h,T)=E i (h,T)−ζ(T); and
second program code for providing a multiple facility controller, configured optimize time of use energy consumption by employing said occupancy components to maintain a global energy use model for the one or more buildings to achieve time of use energy consumption objectives, and configured to transmit energy reduction control messages to selected ones of the one or more buildings to reduce energy consumption by a prescribed amount for a prescribed period of time, thereby optimizing said time of use energy consumption of all of the one or more buildings.
9. The apparatus as recited in claim 8 , wherein said occupancy estimator and said multiple facility controller are disposed within an energy management control center, and wherein said energy management control center is configured to generate said occupancy components by processing training data sets comprising energy consumption and outside temperature data for each of the one or more buildings in said portion, said energy consumption and outside temperature data taken at a prescribed time increment over said plurality of days.
10. The apparatus as recited in claim 9 , wherein said energy management control center progressively revises said occupancy components by additionally processing said streams.
11. The apparatus as recited in claim 9 , wherein said prescribed time increment ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours.
12. The apparatus as recited in claim 9 , where said plurality of days ranges from 30 days to 365 days.
13. The apparatus as recited in claim 8 , wherein said multiple facility controller transmits said energy reduction control messages to achieve objectives of a demand response program event.
14. The apparatus as recited in claim 8 , wherein said multiple facility controller transmits said energy reduction control messages to additionally achieve objectives of an energy efficiency incentive.
15. A method for managing energy consumption of one or more buildings of one or more building types based on occupancy, the method comprising:
receiving energy consumption and outside temperature streams E i (h,T) corresponding to a portion of the one or more buildings, and employing occupancy components for each of the one or more buildings within the portion to process the streams, and generating occupancy levels corresponding to the one or more buildings within the portion, wherein the occupancy components and the occupancy levels are generated by exclusively processing the streams, and assigning the occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in the portion according to building type, the occupancy components comprising:
a lower bound of energy consumption, ζ(T), as a function of outside temperature, T, when a corresponding one of said one or more buildings is at minimum occupancy;
a normalized occupancy profile component, f(h) as a function of a prescribed time increment, h;
a marginal energy consumption component, D(T) as a function of T; and
a daily occupancy level component, γ i for each of a first plurality of days, i;
wherein γ i is determined according to the following equation:
γ
i
=
∑
h
Δ
i
(
h
,
T
)
∑
h
f
(
h
)
D
(
T
)
;
and wherein Δ i (h,T)=E i (h,T)−ζ(T); and
optimizing time of use energy consumption by employing the occupancy components to maintain a global energy use model for the one or more buildings to achieve time of use energy consumption objectives, and transmitting energy reduction control messages to selected ones of the one or more buildings to reduce energy consumption by a prescribed amount for a prescribed period of time, thereby optimizing the time of use energy consumption of all of the one or more buildings.
16. The method as recited in claim 15 , wherein the occupancy estimator and the multiple facility controller are disposed within an energy management control center, and wherein the energy management control center is configured to generate the occupancy components by processing training data sets comprising energy consumption and outside temperature data for each of the one or more buildings in the portion, the energy consumption and outside temperature data taken at a prescribed time increment over the plurality of days.
17. The method as recited in claim 16 , wherein the energy management control center progressively revises the occupancy components by additionally processing the streams.
18. The method as recited in claim 16 , wherein the prescribed time increment ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours.
19. The method as recited in claim 16 , where the plurality of days ranges from 30 days to 365 days.
20. The method as recited in claim 15 , wherein the multiple facility controller transmits the energy reduction control messages to achieve objectives of a demand response program event.
21. The method as recited in claim 15 , wherein the multiple facility controller transmits the energy reduction control messages to additionally achieve objectives of an energy efficiency incentive.