Method for biomass fractioning by enhancing biomass thermal conductivity
A method is described for generating useful chemical intermediaries from biomass using a novel pyrolysis reactor that utilizes the inherent thermal properties of carbon under compression as the biomass is subjected to sequential or concurrent temperature ramps. The ramps are sufficient to volatilize and selectively create different components, while the pressure application aids the selective decomposition of the biomass.
1. A method for producing a biomass char, comprising:
subjecting biomass to sequential or concurrent ramps of temperature and pressure treatments, wherein the temperature ramps include a sufficiently high temperature to create a carbon or carbonaceous material within the biomass;
selectively collecting at least one group of volatile compounds as it is released from the biomass; and
collecting residual biomass char formed from the carbon or carbonaceous material within the biomass.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ramps of temperature vary from about 0.001° C./sec to about 1000° C./sec.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ramps of temperature are varied over a period of time ranging from about 1 microsecond to about 1 week.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure treatments are incremented over a range of pressures.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure treatments are applied over a range of times varying from about 1 microsecond to about 1 week.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure treatments vary in magnitude from about 0.2 MPa to about 10 GPa.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a combination of pressure treatments of differing magnitudes is applied over a range of times.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure treatments increase thermal conductivity of formed carbon or carbonaceous material within the biomass.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the biomass char has a thermal conductivity of from about 1 to 5 W/(m·K).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein pressure treatments increase the surface area of formed carbon or carbonaceous material within the biomass.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure treatments decrease the effective density of the biomass.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure treatments aid to fracture cellulosic biomass cell walls.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is subjected to a controlled gas atmosphere or supercritical fluid while being subjected to a temperature ramp.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is subjected to a controlled gas atmosphere or supercritical fluid while being subjected to pressure treatments.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the group of volatile compounds includes gas components selected from the group consisting of: lipids, furans, hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon fragments, and synthesis gas.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising grinding a biomass feedstock to produce ground biomass particles and dispensing the ground biomass particles into thin sheets, which are then subjected to the sequential or concurrent ramps of temperature and pressure treatments.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the biomass particles are ground to a diameter in the range of 0.001 inch to 1 inch, and wherein the thin sheets have a thickness that is a multiple of the ground biomass particle diameter.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the thickness of the thin sheets is between 1 and 30 times the biomass particle diameter.