Wideband MIMO array with low passive intermodulation attributes
A wideband array capable of MIMO operation and possessing low Passive Intermodulation (PIM) characteristics is described for use in Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and other applications which require low PIM levels. The antenna can be configured to provide a narrow radiated beamwidth across multiple frequency bands and can support high power levels. A novel antenna design is implemented to populate the array configuration, wherein both fed and counterpoise elements are isolated from the ground plane to provide low PIM performance, while maintaining constant beamwidth across wide frequency ranges.
1. An antenna comprising:
a first conductor formed in a predominantly planar fashion; a portion of the first conductor is positioned in close proximity to a ground plane, with this portion capacitively coupled to said ground plane to provide a point of low impedance;
a second conductor positioned in proximity to the first conductor;
the first conductor is fashioned such that a section of the first conductor can be positioned close to the second conductor; additional portions of the first conductor are tapered to increase the distance between portions of the first and second conductors;
a connector or transmission line attached to the ground plane such that the ground reference of the connector or transmission line is attached to the ground plane; the signal connection of the connector or transmission line is connected to the first conductor, and is used to provide a signal to or receive a signal from the first conductor;
wherein a third conductor is positioned in proximity to the first conductor and the second conductor and the third conductor is wedge-shaped.
2. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first conductor comprises a top portion oriented parallel to the ground plane.
3. The antenna of claim 2 , wherein the top portion of the first conductor is capacitively coupled to the ground plane to decrease a frequency response of the antenna.
4. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the second conductor comprises a top portion oriented parallel to the ground plane.
5. The antenna of claim 4 wherein the top portion of the second conductor is capacitively coupled to the ground plane to decrease a frequency response of the antenna.
6. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the second conductor is fed from a second connector or transmission line that is separate from the connector or transmission line connected to the first conductor.
7. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the third conductor is oriented perpendicular to the first conductor and the second conductor.
8. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the third conductor comprises a planar portion, wherein the first or second conductor is coupled to the planar portion.
9. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the third conductor acts as a counterpoise conductor to the first conductor and the second conductor.
10. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the third conductor acts as a ground section for the first conductor and the second conductor.
11. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the third conductor comprises an about 90 degree angle.
12. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the ground reference of the connector or transmission line is capacitively coupled to the ground plane.
13. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the signal connection of the connector or transmission line is capacitively coupled to the first conductor.
14. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein a coupling region is formed between the first or second conductor and the third conductor.
15. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein a slot region is formed between the bottom of the first or second conductor and the ground plane, wherein the slot region is configured to alter a frequency response of the antenna.
16. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna is configured to cover a frequency band of about 700 MHz to about 960 MHz.
17. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna is configured to cover a frequency band of about 1700 MHz to about 2700 MHz.
18. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein each of the connections in the antenna comprises a capacitive coupling such that there are no conducting contacts on the antenna.
19. A multi-antenna array comprising a plurality of the antennas of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of antennas is co-located on the same ground plane.
20. The multi-antenna array of claim 19 , comprising a pair of pluralities of antennas, wherein each of the antennas in a first plurality of antennas is perpendicular to each of the antennas in a second plurality of antennas, wherein the first plurality of antennas and the second plurality of antennas are fed from separate feed networks.