Delivery device usable in laser peening operation, and associated method
A delivery device that is usable in a laser peening operation emits a columnar flow of a fluid that contains therein a beam of electromagnetic energy. The beam is retained within the interior of the flow of fluid since the total internal reflectivity of the flow is sufficient to do so. The flow of fluid that serves as a conduit for the beam also itself impinges on a workpiece and thus contains and washes away the plasma that forms from a laser peening operation, and this resists the plasma from reaching and possibly damaging the delivery device. The carrying of the beam in the columnar flow of fluid avoids the need to maintain a fixed distance between the delivery device and the workpiece, which simplifies the movement by a robotic manipulator of the delivery device along a non-planar surface of a workpiece during a laser peening operation.
1. A delivery device comprising:
a housing having a hollow cavity formed therein;
an inlet in fluid communication with the cavity and structured to deliver a stream of a fluid to the cavity;
an outlet in fluid communication with the cavity and structured to deliver a flow of the fluid out of the cavity, the outlet comprising a straight section and further comprising at least one of a curved entryway and a tapered region situated upstream of the straight section; and
a delivery mechanism structured to deliver a beam of electromagnetic energy out of the outlet and within the flow, the delivery mechanism comprising a lens and a laser, the lens being structured to receive the beam from the laser and to direct the beam to a focal point.
2. The delivery device of claim 1 wherein the outlet is structured to deliver as the flow a columnar flow of the fluid out of the outlet.
3. The delivery device of claim 2 wherein the outlet is structured to deliver as the columnar flow a columnar jet of the fluid out of the outlet.
4. The delivery device of claim 3 wherein the outlet is structured to deliver as the columnar jet a laminar free jet having a total internal reflectivity sufficient to retain the beam within the interior of the free jet.
5. The delivery device of claim 1 wherein the focal point is situated one of adjacent and within the outlet.
6. A method of employing the delivery device of claim 1 , comprising:
forming within a medium having a first index of refraction a flow of a fluid having a second index of refraction, the second index of refraction being greater than the first index of refraction;
receiving a beam of electromagnetic energy within the interior of the flow; and
maintaining a total internal reflectivity inside the flow sufficient to retain the beam within the interior of the flow.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising forming as the flow a columnar flow.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising forming as the columnar flow a laminar flow.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising forming as the columnar flow a free jet within the medium.
10. The method of claim 6 , further comprising impinging the flow and the beam on a workpiece.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising performing a laser peening operation on the workpiece, the performing of the laser peening operation comprising the impinging of the flow and the beam on the workpiece.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising employing the flow to resist the expansion of a plasma from the workpiece in a direction generally toward the delivery device.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising spacing the delivery device at least a first predetermined distance from the workpiece to avoid damage to the delivery device from a shock wave that results from the laser peening operation and that travels from the workpiece in a direction generally toward the delivery device.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising employing water as the fluid.
15. The delivery device of claim 1 wherein the straight section has a substantially unvarying diameter.
16. The delivery device of claim 1 wherein the outlet comprises both of the curved entryway and the tapered region.
17. The delivery device of claim 16 wherein the curved entryway is situated upstream of the tapered region.
18. The delivery device of claim 4 wherein the focal point is situated within the interior of the free jet.