Magnetically lifted vehicles using hover engines
Electromechanical systems using magnetic fields to induce eddy currents and generate lift are described. Magnet configurations which can be employed in the systems are illustrated. The magnet configuration can be used to generate lift and/or thrust. Arrangements of hover engines, which can employ the magnet configurations, are described. Further, vehicles, which employ the hover engines and associated hover engines are described.
1. A hover engine comprising:
an electric motor including a winding, a first set of permanent magnets, a shaft and a first structure which holds the first permanent magnets
wherein the first structure is coupled to the shaft such that, when an electric current is applied to the winding, the shaft, the first structure and the first set of permanent magnets rotate about an axis of rotation;
a second structure, coupled to one of the shaft or the first structure, the second structure holding a second set of permanent magnets wherein the second set of permanent magnets are rotated to induce eddy currents in a substrate such that the induced eddy currents and the second set of permanent magnets interact to generate a lift force;
wherein the second set of permanent magnets is located between a first radial distance and a second radial distance that is greater than first radial distance, as measured along a line perpendicular to the axis of rotation;
a housing, which at least partially encloses the electric motor and the second structure, the housing having a top, a bottom and sides,
wherein a first portion of the bottom is disposed beneath the second set of permanent magnets and between the first radial distance and the second radial distance and a second portion of the bottom is disposed between the axis of rotation and the first radial distance, wherein the second portion extends upwards away from the substrate and to a height above a bottom of the second set of permanent magnets; and
a third structure coupled to the second portion of the bottom, the third structure configured to receive a bearing wherein the shaft rests on the bearing to allow the shaft to rotate relative to the housing.
2. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein the third structure includes a first portion in an interior of the housing and a second portion exterior to the housing.
3. The hover engine of claim 2 , wherein the second portion of third structure extends towards the substrate to allow the hover engine to rest on the substrate without the bottom of the housing touching the substrate.
4. The hover engine of claim 2 , wherein the first portion and the second portion of the third structure are separately formed and wherein the first portion and the second portion are coupled to one another via at least one fastener which passes through the bottom of the housing.
5. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein the shaft is integrally formed with the first structure.
6. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein first set of permanent magnets is disposed on a side of the windings within a radial distance range that is greater than the windings.
7. The hover engine of claim 6 , wherein the second set of permanent magnets is disposed beneath the windings and the first set of permanent magnets.
8. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein the housing is formed from at least a first component, a second component and third component which are mechanically coupled to one another.
9. The hover engine of claim 8 , wherein the third component includes the bottom of the housing and wherein the second component is configured to rest on top of the third component.
10. The hover engine of claim 8 , wherein the first component extends into an interior of the housing and wherein stationary components of the electric motor are coupled to the first component.
11. The hover engine of claim 8 , wherein the first component includes one or more attachment points which are used to attach the hover engine to a vehicle.
12. The hover engine of claim 8 , further comprising a second bearing which is coupled to the first component wherein the shaft is inserted through an interior of the second bearing.
13. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein the housing fully encloses the windings, the first set of permanent magnets and the second set of permanent magnets.
14. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes one or more apertures which allow air flow through the hover engine.
15. The hover engine of claim 1 , further comprising a vibrational damping mechanism which is coupled to the first structure to reduce vibrations associated with the rotation.
16. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes one or more apertures which receive current carrying wire used to power the electric motor.
17. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein a height of the hover engine from the top to the bottom is less than three inches.
18. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein a height of the hover engine from the top to the bottom is less than two inches.
19. The hover engine of claim 1 , further comprising a second bearing disposed between an interior of the sides of the housing and rotational components of the hover engine.