Polyhydroxyalkanoate derivatives, preparation and uses thereof
Provided herein are methods that utilize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a substrate for further conversion to C4 and C5 compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates can undergo esterification to yield alkyl hydroxyalkanoates and alkyl alkenoates, which may serve as useful precursors in the production of alkadienes and alkenedioic acids, including for example butadiene and butenedioic acid.
1. A method, comprising contacting a polyhydroxyalkanoate with a nucleophile to convert at least a portion of the polyhydroxyalkanoate to a polyhydroxyalkanoate derivative, the polyhydroxyalkanoate having a structure of Formula A:
wherein R a is an aliphatic group; x is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 20;
the nucleophile having a Formula of R b —W—H, wherein W is O, NH, or S; and
the polyhydroxyalkanoate derivative having a Formula of
wherein R b is alkyl;
wherein:
(i) the nucleophile is a critical nucleophile, a supercritical nucleophile or a near-critical nucleophile; or
(ii) the method further comprises heating the polyhydroxyalkanoate and the nucleophile to critical, supercritical or near-critical conditions to produce the polyhydroxyalkanoate derivative; or
both (i) and (ii).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein W is O.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein W is NH.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein W is S.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein R b is C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein R b is methyl or ethyl.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate is contacted with the nucleophile at a temperature between 150° C. and 350° C.; and at a pressure between 500 psi and 3000 psi.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate and the nucleophile are further contacted with a solvent, a base, or both a solvent and a base, to convert at least a portion of the polyhydroxyalkanoate to the polyhydroxyalkanoate derivative.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the solvent comprises chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetonitrile, acetone, acetic acid, dioxane, diglyme, dioxin, tetrahydrofuran, pentane, hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, methylethylbenzene, or hexofluoroisopropanol, or a mixture thereof.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of an organic base, a carbonate salt, an oxide salt, a hydroxide salt, and a buffer, or a combination thereof.
12. A composition comprising methyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, methyl but-2-enoate, methyl-3-hydroxypentanoate, methyl pent-2-enoate, and a critical, supercritical or near-critical alcohol.