Multistaged lean prevaporizing premixing fuel injector
A multistaged lean prevaporizing premixing fuel injector apparatus is provided. The fuel injector may be utilized with a turbogenerator. Preheated combustion air from the turbogenerator's recuperator may be utilized by the fuel injector to prevaporize liquid fuel. The injector may provide for premixing of multiple fuel streams and include multiple stages with a flow distributor plate separating adjacent stages. The injector may include multiple stages, with a pilot tube located in a final stage splitting the fuel stream into a premixed pilot stream and a premixed final fuel and air mixture stream.
1. A multistaged lean prevaporizing premixing fuel injector apparatus, comprising:
a preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber having an injector inlet end and having a central longitudinal axis;
a final premixing chamber communicated with the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber and having an injector outlet end;
an annular chamber wall defining the final premixing chamber within the chamber wall;
an annular flow distributor connected to the chamber wall, the flow distributor having a plurality of distributor openings therethrough for distributing flow of fuel and air mixture from upstream of the annular flow distributor into the final premixing chamber;
a pilot tube oriented concentrically with the chamber wall and extending from the annular flow distributor through the final premixing chamber for diverting a pilot stream portion of a fuel and air mixture from upstream of the annular flow distributor to the injector outlet end, the pilot tube including a pilot tube passage extending along the central longitudinal axis from a pilot tube inlet to a pilot tube outlet, the pilot tube passage being separate from the distributor openings, the final premixing chamber being an annular chamber defined between the chamber wall and the pilot tube;
a liquid fuel nozzle arranged to spray a liquid fuel into the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber and toward the final premixing chamber;
a preliminary air inlet communicated with the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber for communicating preliminary combustion air to the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber; and
a final air inlet communicated with the final premixing chamber for communicating final combustion air to the final premixing chamber, the final air inlet being located downstream of the pilot tube inlet so that a fuel and air mixture exiting from the pilot tube has a higher fuel to air ratio than does a fuel and air mixture exiting the final premixing chamber.
2. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber, the final premixing chamber, the liquid fuel nozzle and the pilot tube are all co-axially oriented about the central longitudinal axis.
3. The fuel injector of claim 1 , wherein:
the final air inlet is one of a plurality of final air inlets defined through the chamber wall downstream of the flow distributor.
4. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a bluff body connected to the pilot tube adjacent the injector outlet end and extending radially outward from the pilot tube to reduce a cross-sectional area of the final premixing chamber adjacent the injector outlet end, so that an exit velocity of fuel and air mixture from the final premixing chamber is increased.
5. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 4 , wherein:
the bluff body is configured to create a recirculation zone downstream of the bluff body and to thereby improve flame stability of a pilot flame exiting the pilot tube.
6. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a common air supply passage communicated with both the preliminary air inlet and the final air inlet for communicating a common combustion air source to both the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber and the final premixing chamber at substantially the same temperature.
7. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 6 , in combination with a microturbine having an inlet air compressor and having a recuperator for using microturbine exhaust gas to preheat compressed air from the compressor prior to directing the preheated compressed air to a combustor of the microturbine, wherein:
the common air supply passage is communicated with the recuperator to provide preheated compressed air from the recuperator to both the preliminary air inlet and the final air inlet at a temperature above about 900° F.
8. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:
an annular outer wall concentrically disposed about the annular chamber wall, so that an annular passage is defined between the outer wall and the chamber wall, the annular passage comprising at least a portion of the common air supply passage.
9. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:
an intermediate prevaporizing premixing chamber located between the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber and the final premixing chamber, and having an intermediate air inlet for introducing air from the common air supply passage into the intermediate prevaporizing premixing chamber.
10. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising:
a flow distributor located between the preliminary and intermediate prevaporizing premixing chambers for distributing fuel and air mixture from the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber across a cross-section of the intermediate prevaporizing premixing chamber.
11. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more gaseous fuel inlets communicated with the preliminary prevaporizing premixing chamber.
12. The fuel injector apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the pilot tube extends all the way to the injector outlet end.