Low-power high-swing PAM4/PAM8 fast driver
A driver for performing efficient low-power high-swing modulation, which comprises a first plurality of N controllable switching elements and introducing low impedance between the contacts in response to a low control level and vice versa; a second plurality of N controllable switching elements and introducing high impedance between the contacts in response to a low control level and vice versa; a DC power supply for feeding the driver, the positive port of which is connected to the common contact of the first plurality and the negative port of which is connected to the common contact of the second plurality; a plurality of N voltage dividers, each divider consisting of two serially connected resistors connecting between a free contact of a controllable switching element from the first plurality and a free contact of a controllable switching element from the second plurality, where each two controllable switching elements connected by a voltage divider forming a pair; a plurality of N control inputs, each of which jointly controlling the control inputs of a different pair; and a common output connecting between all N common points of all pairs of serially connected resistors forming the N voltage dividers.
1. A driver for performing efficient low-power high-swing modulation, comprising:
a) a first plurality of N controllable switching elements having a common contact and a free contact and introducing low impedance between said contacts in response to a low control level and vice versa;
b) a second plurality of N controllable switching elements having a common contact and a free contact and introducing high impedance between said contacts in response to a low control level and vice versa;
c) a DC power supply (V DD ) for feeding said driver, the positive port of which is connected to the common contact of said first plurality and the negative port of which is connected to the common contact of said second plurality;
d) a plurality of N voltage dividers, each of which consisting of two serially connected resistors connecting between a free contact of a controllable switching element from said first plurality and a free contact of a controllable switching element from said second plurality, where each two controllable switching elements connected by a voltage divider forming a pair;
e) a plurality of N control inputs, each of which jointly controlling the control inputs of a different pair; and
f) a common output connecting between all N common points of all pairs of serially connected resistors forming said N voltage dividers.
2. A driver according to claim 1 , being implemented in a differential arrangement, such that the complimentary half of the driver receives the inverted version of the input signal.
3. A driver according to claim 1 , being implemented as a single ended arrangement.
4. A driver according to claim 1 , being implemented as a single ended PAM-4 modulation scheme, where N=2.
5. A driver according to claim 1 , being implemented as a single ended PAM-8 modulation scheme, where N=3.
6. A driver according to claim 1 , in which the resistance of each resistor forming a voltage divider is selected to maintain a predetermined total output resistance.
7. A driver according to claim 1 , in which the output voltage swing ranges from 0 to V DD .
8. A driver according to claim 1 , in which the controllable switching elements belong to a combination of P-type and N-type FET or bipolar transistors.