Method and apparatus for treating a carotid artery
One disclosed embodiment comprises a method for treating lesions in the carotid artery of a mammalian body. The method comprises transcervical access and blocking of blood flow through the common carotid artery (with or without blocking of blood flow through the external carotid artery), shunting blood from the internal carotid artery and treating the lesion in the carotid artery.
1. A method of treating a lesion in a carotid artery of a patient, comprising:
inserting an arterial access device into an artery through an arterial access location;
positioning at least a portion of the arterial access device into a common carotid artery;
occluding blood flow in at least a portion of the common carotid artery to form a pressure gradient that establishes retrograde blood flow through the common carotid artery such that blood flows into a lumen of the arterial access device;
in addition to establishing retrograde blood flow, actively pumping blood from the common carotid artery to a return location via the arterial access device and a shunt connected to the arterial access device, wherein the arterial access device comprises an elongate member defining an internal lumen that extends from a distal opening at a distal region of the arterial access device to a proximal opening at a proximal region of the arterial access device, wherein the internal lumen receives blood flow through the distal opening from the common carotid artery, and wherein the shunt comprises a sidearm connected to the arterial access device at a location between the distal and proximal openings of the arterial access device, and wherein the shunt provides a pathway for blood to flow out of the internal lumen of the arterial access device at a location between the distal and proximal openings of the arterial access device; and
treating the lesion by deploying a stent on the lesion.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein actively pumping blood comprises using a syringe fluidically connected to the arterial access device to aspirate the blood from the arterial access device.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein actively pumping blood comprises using a pump fluidically connected to the arterial access device.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the return location is a vein.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the return location is an external container.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filtering the blood from the common carotid artery prior to shunting the blood to the venous system using a filter.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sensing the flow of blood being pumped from the common carotid artery to the return location using a flow sensor.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein positioning an arterial access device in the common carotid artery further comprises deploying an anchor element on the arterial access device, wherein the anchor element prevents the arterial access device from dislodging from the common carotid artery.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein positioning an arterial access device further comprises making an arterial puncture directly into the common carotid artery through a transcervical incision to position an arterial access device.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising removing the arterial access device from the common carotid artery and repairing the arterial puncture.