Shallow ground water characterization system using flexible borehole liners
View Patent ↗A simplified system and method for lining a borehole in the Earth's surface. The liner has a tubing sleeve disposed upon the interior liner wall surrounding and defining the liner's interior volume when the liner is installed within a borehole. This compact and relatively lightweight system simplifies the modes and methods of subsurface installation. Each of at least one tubing sleeve preferably contains and holds at least one slender sample tubes for transporting borehole sample water (or water pressure change data) from a liner sampling spacer to above the ground's surface. The method is a relatively inexpensive, and allows for the sealing of a borehole to define various different sampling intervals with an external spacer at each liner port, and to use tubing directly to the surface from each port, to perform various subsurface sampling and monitoring functions.
1. A method for lining a subsurface borehole, comprising:
providing a flexible tubiform liner having an outside surface, an inside surface, and an axial length;
disposing at least one tubing sleeve upon the liner's inside surface and along at least a major segment of the length;
providing at least one spacer on the liner's outside surface;
defining at least one liner port through the liner, wherein each of the at least one liner port is adjacent to, and in fluid communication with, one of the at least one spacer;
situating a sample slender tube in fluid communication with each of the at least one liner port, and along and within the at least one tubing sleeve and ascending toward a top of a borehole; and
placing the liner's outside surface against a borehole wall.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing at least one spacer comprises providing a plurality of spacers at different locations along the length.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of placing the liner's outside surface against a borehole wall comprises everting the liner down the borehole, and wherein further the step of situating a sample slender tube comprises situating a slender tube having a diameter less than 0.375 inch, and further comprising:
connecting a vacuum water level meter system at or near the top end of the slender tube,
comprising:
placing a meter tube above the surface of the ground;
placing an upper portion of the slender tube in fluid communication with a bottom of the meter tube; and
applying a vacuum to the meter tube; and
metering a water level in the slender tube, comprising:
drawing, with the vacuum, water in the slender tube from a first level in the slender tube to a second level inside the meter tube;
preventing a further rise of the water in the meter tube;
measuring, with a vacuum gauge on the meter tube, the magnitude of a vacuum in a meter tube space above the second water level in the meter tube;
measuring the height of the second water level above the surface of the ground;
subtracting the height of the second water level from a height of an equivalent water column of the vacuum magnitude measured with the vacuum gauge; and
determining a depth of the first water level below the surface of the ground before the application of the vacuum to the meter tube.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of placing the liner's outside surface against a borehole wall comprises everting the liner down the borehole, and wherein further the step of situating a sample slender tube comprises situating a slender tube having a diameter less than 0.375 inch, and further comprising:
drawing a borehole water sample from the slender tube, comprising:
placing a peristaltic pump in fluid communication with an upper portion of the slender tube above the surface of the ground;
operating the peristaltic pump to apply a controlled vacuum to the slender tube;
drawing, by the vacuum, the borehole water sample from the at least one spacer, and through the slender tube, to the pump; and
expelling the borehole water into a sample container.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of placing the liner's outside surface against a borehole wall comprises everting the liner down the borehole, and wherein further the step of situating a sample slender tube comprises situating a slender tube having a diameter less than 0.375 inch, and further comprising:
monitoring continuously in time the water level the slender tube, comprising:
connecting, while the transducer is above the ground's surface, a pressure transducer to an upper portion of the slender tube;
lowering the transducer beneath a water level within an interior of the liner;
measuring, with the transducer, changes in air pressure within the slender tube and above the water level in the slender tube; and
recording the measured pressure changes.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing at least one tubing sleeve comprises providing two tubing sleeves upon the liner's inside surface.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of situating a sample slender tube comprises situating between one and seven slender tubes in each of the two tubing sleeves.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of situating a sample slender tube comprises situating two or more slender tubes within the at least one tubing sleeve.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of situating two or more slender tubes comprises situating two or more slender tubes having a diameter selected from the group consisting of 0.1875 inch, 0.25 inch, and 0.375 inch.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
collapsing the liner;
drawing the liner into an interior of a protective hose, with the liner's outside surface in confronting relation with an inside surface of the protective hose;
lowering down the borehole the protective hose with the liner therein; and
anchoring a bottom end of the liner in the borehole.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising;
disposing a slurry tube within the liner;
defining a hole in the slurry tube near its distal end;
inverting a bottom portion of the liner;
attaching a bottom end of the liner to the distal end of the slurry tube.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising pumping a mud through the slurry tube, out the slurry tube hole, and into the inverted bottom portion of the liner; whereby the step of anchoring a bottom end of the liner comprises:
everting the bottom portion of the liner;
pressurizing with the mud the interior of the bottom portion of the liner; and
dilating the bottom portion of the liner against the bottom of the borehole and against a portion of the borehole wall.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of placing the liner's outside surface against a borehole wall comprises:
removing the protective hose from the borehole while leaving the liner within the borehole; and
at least partially filling with water the interior of the liner to dilate the liner thereby to press the outside surface against the borehole wall.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein situating a sample slender tube comprises situating a sample slender tube having a diameter of at least 0.375 inch.
15. A method for lining a subsurface borehole, comprising:
providing a flexible tubiform liner having an outside surface, an inside surface, and an axial length;
disposing at least one tubing sleeve upon the liner's inside surface and along at least a major segment of the length;
providing at least one spacer on the liner's outside surface;
defining at least one liner port through the liner, wherein each of the at least one liner port is adjacent to, and in fluid communication with, one of the at least one spacer;
situating a sample slender tube in fluid communication with each of the at least one liner port, and along and within the at least one tubing sleeve and ascending toward a top of a borehole;
collapsing the liner;
drawing the liner into an interior of a protective hose, with the liner's outside surface in confronting relation with an inside surface of the protective hose;
lowering down the borehole the protective hose with the liner therein;
anchoring a bottom end of the liner in the borehole; and
placing the liner's outside surface against a borehole wall.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising;
disposing a slurry tube within the liner;
defining a hole in the slurry tube near its distal end;
inverting a bottom portion of the liner;
attaching a bottom end of the liner to the distal end of the slurry tube.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising pumping a mud through the slurry tube, out the slurry tube hole, and into the inverted bottom portion of the liner; whereby the step of anchoring a bottom end of the liner comprises:
everting the bottom portion of the liner;
pressurizing with the mud the interior of the bottom portion of the liner; and
dilating the bottom portion of the liner against the bottom of the borehole and against a portion of the borehole wall.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of placing the liner's outside surface against a borehole wall comprises:
removing the protective hose from the borehole while leaving the liner within the borehole; and
at least partially filling with water the interior of the liner to dilate the liner thereby to press the outside surface against the borehole wall.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein situating a sample slender tube comprises situating a sample slender tube having a diameter of at least 0.375 inch.